<p>Daming Lake is the largest lake in the city of Jinan, Shandong, China and one of city&#39;s main natural and cultural landmarks. Located to the north of the historical city center, the lake is fed by the artesian karst springs of the area and hence retains a fairly constant water level through the entire year.</p><br>
<h2>Islands</h2><br>
<p>Located in the lake are nine small islands:</p><br>
<p>Cuiliuping Island, also known as</p><br>
<p>Niaoqingqiqi Island</p><br>
<p>Guting Island, the location of the Lixia Pavilion</p><br>
<p>Mingshi Island</p><br>
<p>Huiquan Island</p><br>
<p>Huxin Island</p><br>
<p>Jiaxuan Island</p><br>
<p>Qiuliu Island</p><br>
<p>Huju Island</p><br>
<h2>Buildings</h2><br>
<p>The lake is surrounded by a park with an ensemble of historical buildings, some of which stand on the islands in the lake:</p><br>
<h3>Lixia Pavilion</h3><br>
<p>The Lixia Pavilion is located on an island off the lake&#39;s east shore.</p><br>
<p>The pavilion is said to mark the spot of a meeting between the Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu and the calligrapher Li Yong (, 678-747). The pavilion was rebuilt in 1693 and features inscriptions by the Qing-Dynasty calligrapher He Shaoji and the Kangxi Emperor.</p><br>
<h3>Lake Center Pavilion</h3><br>
<p>The Lake Center Pavilion is set on an island near the lake&#39;s center.</p><br>
<h3>Moon-lit Pavilion</h3><br>
<p>The Moon-lit Pavilion is located on the north-eastern shore of the lake. It is connected to a large hall via a bridge. Military governor Han Fuju had an emergency escape tunnel constructed that connected the basement of this hall to the outer city. The tunnel was used by Kuomintang general Wang Yaowu to escape from the city at the end of the Battle of Jinan.</p><br>
<h3>Jiuqu Pavilion</h3><br>
<p>The Jiuqu Pavilion is located on the southwest shore of the Lake.</p><br>
<h3>Haoran Pavilion</h3><br>
<p>The Haoran Pavilion stands on the lake&#39;s south shore.</p><br>
<h3>Ancestral Hall of Lord Tie</h3><br>
<p>The Ancestral Hall of Lord Tie is located on the northwest shore of the Lake.</p><br>
<p>It is a memorial to Tie Xuan, a Ming-Dynasty official during the reign of the Jianwen Emperor. Tie Xuan was renowned for his heroism and loyalty in the defense of the city against the rebelling Prince Zhu Di, the later Yongle Emperor. The memorial hall was erected during the times of the Qing Dynasty.</p><br>
<h3>Xiaocanglang Pavilion</h3><br>
<p>The Xiaocanglang Pavilion is located on the lake&#39;s northwest shore.</p><br>
<h3>Huiquan Hall</h3><br>
<p>Huiquan Hall</p><br>
<h3>Beiji Temple</h3><br>
<p>Beiji Temple is a taoist temple dedicated to Xuan Wu, the god of the North. It was first built in the early Yuan Dynasty, but rebuilt during the reign of the Yongle Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Numerous renovations were carried out during the Qing Dynasty. The temple contains several halls as well as a bell and a drum tower. It stands on a seven-meter tall base and covers an area of 1078 square meters.</p><br>
<h3>Huibo Building</h3><br>
<p>The Huibo Building is located near the east gate of Daming Lake Park. It stands on the site of the watergate that controls the outflow of the Daming Lake into the Xiaoqing River.</p><br>
<h3>Nanfeng Ancestral Hall</h3><br>
<p>The Nanfeng Ancestral Hall is a memorial to the Song-Dynasty scholar Zeng Gong. The present structure has been rebuilt in 1829.</p><br>
<h3>Jiaxuan Ancestral Hall</h3><br>
<p>The Jiaxuan Ancestral Hall commemorates Xin Qiji, a military leader and statesman of the Southern Song dynasty who was born in Jinan. The temple buildings cover a total area of 1400 square meters. Converted for other uses during the Republic of China, the temple was restored to its present function in 1961.</p><br>
<h3>Oushen's Temple</h3><br>
<p>Oushen&#39;s Temple is a memorial temple that was originally dedicated to the Goddess of the Lotus Root. During the Qing Dynasty it was rededicated to the memory of Li Qingzhao</p><br>
<h3>Daming Lake Nanfeng Theater</h3><br>
<p>The Daming Lake Nanfeng Theater is located in the courtyard of the Nanfeng Ancestral Hall and was constructed during the late Qing Dynasty.</p><br>
<h2>Gardens</h2><br>
<p>The park that surrounds Daming Lake features six traditional Chinese gardens:</p><br>
<h3>Xia Garden</h3><br>
<p>The Xia Garden is a traditional courtyard garden that is located to the south of the lake and covers an area of about 9600 square meters. The garden dates back to the year 1909 and was formerly part of the Shandong Provincial Library.</p><br>
<h3>Jiaxuan Garden</h3><br>
<h3>Qiuliu Garden</h3><br>
<h3>Huju Garden</h3><br>
<h3>Nanfeng Garden</h3><br>
<h3>Qishi Guanyu Garden</h3><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>As a central site in the historical center of Jinan, Daming Lake has been the setting of many events in the history of the city: As his rebellion against the Mongol ruler Kublai Khan came to an end in 1262, the governor Li Tan tried to drown himself in the lake. He was rescued by the Mongols in order to be executed by being put in a sack and trampled to death by horses. The warlord Zhang Zongchang, nicknamed the "Dogmeat General" and unpopular because of his heavy-handed rule, planned to erect a living shrine to himself on the lake, but the plans were not executed due to Zhangs fall from power. During the Battle of Jinan in the Chinese Civil War, the commander of the citys defense against the communist People&#39;s Liberation Army, Kuomintang General Wang Yaowu had his command post near the lake shore.</p><br>
<p>From March 2006 to April 2007, the Daming Lake Park was renovated and extended to connect all portions of the park for unified access. To achieve this, 1788 housing units (including 1639 residential units) were demolished. Since the expansion, the Daming Lake Park covers a total of 103.4 hectares, 29.4 hectares (land: 20 hectares, lake 29.4 hectares) of which were added in the expansion.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>The scenery of Daming Lake has been a topic of Chinese literature for at least about 1,500 years. The lake is mentioned in "Commentary on the Waterways Classic" by Northern Wei Dynasty writer and geographer Li Daoyuan (died 527). It is described in "A Trip to Jinan" by the Jin dynasty poet Yuan Haowen (1235) and was also described by Marco Polo a bit later. The scenery of Daming Lake is also featured in the novel "The Travels of Lao Can" by Liu E and the essay "The Winter of Jinan" by Lao She.</p><br>
<p>Daming Lake is also the subject of a poem by Han Fuju, military governor of Shandong from 1930 to 1938, that has been frequently quoted to ridicule him:</p><br>
<p>The Daming ("Daming" means "big brightness") Lake, the bright lake is big</p><br>
<p>In the Daming Lake are lotus flowers</p><br>
<p>On the lotuses are toads</p><br>
<p>prick them once, leap once</p><br>
<h2>Visitors</h2><br>
<p>Because of its cultural significance, the Daming Lake has attracted visits by artists, scholars, and political figures over the centuries.</p><br>
<p>Recorded visitors include:</p><br>
<h3>Tang Dynasty</h3><br>
<p>Li Yong, calligrapher</p><br>
<p>Du Fu, poet</p><br>
<p>Duan Chengshi, scholar</p><br>
<h3>Song Dynasty</h3><br>
<p>Zeng Gong, Su Zhe, Chao Buzhi, writers</p><br>
<p>Li Qingzhao and Xin Qiji, poets</p><br>
<h3>Jin Dynasty</h3><br>
<p>Yuan Haowen, poet and writer</p><br>
<h3>Yuan Dynasty</h3><br>
<p>Zhao Mengfu, painter</p><br>
<p>Zhang Yanghao, poet</p><br>
<h3>Ming Dynasty</h3><br>
<p>Tie Xuan, provincial official, honored in the Lord Tie Ancestral Hall</p><br>
<p>Bian Gong and Li Panlong, scholars</p><br>
<h3>Qing Dynasty</h3><br>
<p>Zhu Yizun and Ruan Yuan, scholars</p><br>
<p>Wang Shizhen, poet</p><br>
<p>Gao Fenghan, painter</p><br>
<p>Jiang Shiquan, playwright</p><br>
<p>He Shaoji, calligrapher</p><br>
<p>Pu Songling and Liu E, novelists</p><br>
<h3>Modern China</h3><br>
<p>Guo Moruo and Lao She, writers</p><br>
<p>Mao Zedong (in 1958) and Zhou Enlai (in 1959), politicians</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Daming Lake is located to the north of Minghu Road and to the south of the old city moat. The park is accessible through 4 gates, the north gate, the east gate, the main gate in the south, and the southwest gate.</p><br>
<p>The McLean County Courthouse and Square is located in downtown Bloomington, Illinois. The site is on the National Register of Historic Places and encompasses the old McLean County Courthouse and the courthouse-facing sides of three downtown blocks. All 4 floors of the building are now occupied by the McLean County Museum of History for exhibits, collections storage, and offices. The historic buildings at the other side of the square were destroyed by fire in the 1980s. The Square is bordered by four Bloomington streets: Main Street, Center Street, Jefferson Street and Washington Street. The site was home to three previous courthouses before the current one was completed in 1903. The first courthouse at the site was built in 1831, and the second in 1836. The third was built in 1868, but suffered major damage from fire on June 19, 1900.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Courthouse</h3><br>
<p>The McLean County Courthouse housed the McLean County Circuit Court from 1903 to 1976. The original construction was completed in 1868 at a cost of $461,640. The rebuild of many buildings in the downtown was executed through the designs of several local architects, George Miller, Paul Moratz and A.L. Pillsbury.</p><br>
<p>In 1988, the McLean County Historical Society moved to put its museum in the Old Courthouse. Today the museum operates out of the courthouse building as it has since 1991. Until 1991, general county offices were still housed in the courthouse though the courts had moved to new facilities a few blocks away. In 2002 McLean County approved $1.2 million for renovation following a historic structures report. Other funding came through a Public Museum Capital Grant from the Illinois State Museum, a division of the Illinois Department of Natural Resources. The project included restoration of the 100-year-old courthouse dome. Original copper was salvaged and reused and the clock restored to working order. On December 24, 2004 the tower bell was rang for the first time in nearly fifty years. The dome was restored from its oxidized copper green to the original copper color.</p><br>
<p>On October 15, 2006 the Landmark Preservations Council of Illinois presented the "Outstanding Restoration" award to the McLean County Museum of History for its efforts to restore the dome of the old courthouse.</p><br>
<h3>Square</h3><br>
<p>The historic sides of the square are on the west, south and north sides of the courthouse, respectively. The east side of the public square was destroyed in a 1985 fire and today a contemporary office building occupies the area. The remaining historic sides are littered with historic commercial buildings which originate from the 1850s to the 1920s. The Corn Belt Bank Building at 101 W. Jefferson St. was completed in 1903, and was designed by George Miller who also designed the nearby Livingston Building, 102–104 W. Washington St.</p><br>
<h3>Buildings on the Courthouse Square</h3><br>
<p>Benjamin & Shermerhorn Building: 210 N. Center St., completed 1857.</p><br>
<p>Corn Belt Bank Building: 101 W Jefferson St., completed 1903.</p><br>
<p>Dewenters Building (Crothers & Crew Building): 118 W. Washington St., completed c. 1856.</p><br>
<p>Ensenberger Building: 212 N. Center St., completed 1926.</p><br>
<p>Livingston Building: 102–104 W. Washington St., completed 1903.</p><br>
<p>People&#39;s Bank Building:</p><br>
<p>Phoenix Block (Kersey H. Fell Building): 106–108 W Washington St., buildings completed c. 1856.</p><br>
<h4>Benjamin & Shermerhorn Building</h4><br>
<p>The Benjamin & Shermerhorn building was built in 1857 by contractor S.G. Rounds. The building was originally built as a dry goods store which was operated by Edward Benjamin and John Shermerhorn. Their store occupied the first floor of the three-story building. The store was the beneficiary of excellent basement storage conditions resulting from a well that was struck during construction which provided a natural cooling system for the perishables the store carried. The building has had other notable tenants during its history as well. The Bloomington newspaper, The Pantagraph, was housed on the buildings third floor until 1868. The paper, during this period in its history, was known as a radical "black republican" paper because of its stance on slavery and support for Abraham Lincoln. A local loan broker, Henry Capen & Sons, occupied the second floor from 1886 until 1926. The buildings longest tenant, however, was W.B. Read and Co., a stationery and book company that started on the first floor and 1895 and later moved to occupy the entire building until the owner, William Read&#39;s, death in 1951. In 1952 Osco Drugs took over the building and the pharmacy later expanded into the connected Marblestone Building next door.</p><br>
<h4>Dewenters Building</h4><br>
<p>This building, on West Washington Street, is one of three buildings built by Dr. Eli Crothers around the year 1856. During their early years the buildings, including the Dewenters building served as offices for prominent Bloomington doctors and lawyers, including William Ormes and Leonard Swett, who pioneered the insanity defense for accused criminals. The building got its name, Dewenters, from the time when it housed the Dewenter and Co. men&#39;s clothing store for more than a century of its existence. Dewenter and Co. was founded by Herman Dewenter and William Krietzer in 1847 and moved to the Dewenter Building in 1870 where it stayed until 1988. The Dewenter family owned the store until 1946 but it retained its name even after its sale to new owners.</p><br>
<h4>Ensenberger Building</h4><br>
<p>The seven-floor Ensenberger Building, at 212 N. Center St., was completed in 1926 at a cost of $250,000. The building was the home of Bloomington icon Ensenberger Furniture from its opening until the time it closed in 1995. The furniture store was started in 1879 by Gustave A. Ensenberger and operated by his descendants until its closure. An estimated 40,000 visitors toured the building during the week following its grand opening with people coming from as far away as New York and California.</p><br>
<h4>Livingston Building</h4><br>
<p>The 1903 six-story Livingston Building is considered the first "skyscraper" to be built in Bloomington because of its status as the first steel frame construction building in Illinois outside of Chicago. The building was built at a cost of $36,000. The building was home to the Livingston and Sons department store for the first eleven years of its history until the store was relocated just down the block. Between 1927 and 1969 a Walgreens Drug Store and a number of legal and insurance businesses occupied the building. The Livingston was well known for its roof garden during the early 1900s which was the site of many dances and musical performances.</p><br>
<h4>Phoenix Block</h4><br>
<p>The Phoenix Block is a collection of buildings at 106–108 West Washington St. Today, only two of the original four buildings that made up the Phoenix Block remain. The Phoenix Block was so dubbed by the Daily Pantagraph as a remark on how quickly the buildings rose from the ashes after a fire in 1855. Originally, the buildings upper floor served as offices for lawyers who tried cases in the original wood frame courthouse. The Kersey H. Fell Building of 1856 is one of downtown Bloomingtons oldest structures. The Fell Building housed the office of local attorney Kersey Fell. His second floor office is the place where it is claimed that Jesse Fell first suggested to Abraham Lincoln he should run for president. Aside from the law offices the third floor once housed the Illinois Natural History Museum, in 1857, which was one of the first museums in Illinois. The storefronts have been home to numerous merchants over the years. From 1905 to 1922 Homuth Jewelry had a location along the block and Sorg&#39;s Jewelers had a location on the Phoenix Block from 1946 until 1988. In addition five other jewelers have had businesses along this block at some point in its past.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<h3>Courthouse</h3><br>
<p>The Old McLean County Courthouse is an example of high style architecture and is well preserved. The architecture conveys strong messages of stability, antiquity and importance. The courthouse is built in the American Renaissance style. The exterior is clad in limestone and of solid masonry construction. The plan is rectangular and symmetrical and is executed in the Corinthian order. From the roof rise a limestone drum and a copper dome which are said to be modeled after St. Peters Basilica in Rome. The east and west faces of the building are home to the principal elevations. They feature three story porticos, a Corinthian pediment, balustrade caps and the cornice. The buildings windows are decorated with Doric surrounds.</p><br>
<p>The architects wanted the building to give Bloomington residents the feeling that the courthouse belonged to them. To encourage this feeling the entrances on all four sides of the building are identical, a way to welcome people from all directions. Wanting to balance the feeling of symmetry with a sense of power Reeves and Baile created an identical hierarchy in each facade through the use of an entrance arch, enhanced vertically by columns and topped off with a pediment. The exterior also makes use of many balustrades in the roof and other levels on the exterior. Also included are detailed egg-and-dart molding, and hood molding.</p><br>
<p>The Old Courthouse interior is composed of quadrants which are set apart by broad hallways which meet at the buildings center. There they form a large, open three story rotunda. The rotunda is the dominating feature of the interior. It rises over 100 feet into the air and at the top features an allegorical painting representing peace and prosperity. The halls have mosaic floors and wall treatment composed of white marble dado which is capped with antique verde serpentine stone. Marbleized plaster, scagliola, panels complete the walls. The buildings ceilings are decorated with plaster cornices and molded leaf and rosette compliments. The Honduras mahogany doors have a rail and panel design and beveled glass is used for decorative side lights and panels.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse&#39;s upper stories are reached by a broad white marble stairway. It features bronze fish-scale screens which are decorated with laurel wreaths, the same type of screen closes the rails around the rotunda opening. Inside the rooms are sand cast plaster cornices and a variety of floor finishes which include mosaic, marble and maple. The original stenciling in the rooms has been lost to the past. The three original courtrooms are decorated with frescoes, marble dadoes and scagliola. The original fresco remains in the Stevenson-Ives library. Other notable architectural features include many beveled and leaded glass panels, scagliola door surrounds, solid bronze wall partitions, a number of original bronze, combination gas and electrical light fixtures and marble counters.</p><br>
<h3>Square</h3><br>
<h4>Benjamin & Shermerhorn Building</h4><br>
<p>The Bejamin & Shermerhorn Building was designed by Rudolph Richter and completed in 1857. It is designed in the Italianate Style a has a pressed brick facade, arched windows and a dentil crown.</p><br>
<h4>Dewenters Building</h4><br>
<p>This building is cast in the Greek Revival building style and utilizes flat stone lentils and sills on the windows. The building is topped by dentils near its roof line. Also known as Crothers & Crew Building. In the early 1990s the building was restored by Russell Francios for use as an architectural office. During this renovation the third floor was converted into a contemporary apartment and studio.</p><br>
<h4>Ensenberger Building</h4><br>
<p>The Ensenberger Building was designed by local architect Arthur Pillsbury in an eclectic interpretation of the Art Deco Style. It was to be the last building designed by Pillsbury and one he would never see open as he was killed in an automobile accident in October 1925. The building included a six-room, fully furnished Spanish-style bungalow on the seventh floor when it opened in 1926. The bungalow had white stucco walls and arched windows and doorways. The original design of the building include gothic spires on the roof which gave the building a much less Art Deco appearance than it has today. The spires were removed in 1941 to give the building a more modern feeling. At one time there were plans to replace the terra cotta panels on the east facade with stainless steel panels. The WWII steel shortage stopped those plans and the terra cotta panels remain one of the building&#39;s most prominent features.</p><br>
<h4>Livingston Building</h4><br>
<p>This steel structured "skyscraper" was designed by Bloomington architect George Miller and is an example of Chicago Style architecture. The design incorporates many elements which would later be connected to what is now called the Sullivanesque Style, after Louis Sullivan. Sullivan concentrated on many of design elements seen in the Livingston Building. On its north and east side the building is decorated with pressed metal oriels. The lower base of the building makes use of columns and is top is ornamented by a detailed cornice. The Livingston Building&#39;s oriels are arranged in a curtain wall where they are located on the building. Above the first story the windows are flanked by pressed metal spandrels and the third through sixth floors are clad in red brick. One of the oriels faces Washington Street and two face Main Street. The windows are supported by terra cotta brackets and the upper spandrels are ornamented with terra cotta paneling.</p><br>
<h4>Phoenix Block</h4><br>
<p>The two remaining original buildings on the Phoenix Block, one of which is the Kersey H. Fell building, are done in the Greek Revival style of architecture. They share a common wall and use simple stone lentils and sills in the windows. The storefronts are accented by columns. The common wall helped to increase the speed which the Phoenix Block was constructed at. So eager were merchants to occupy the storefronts that several stores opened for business while workers were still constructing the second and third floors of the buildings.</p><br>
<p>The Jacob Purdy House was used as General George Washingtons headquarters in 1778 and possibly in 1776 during the Battle of White Plains in the American Revolutionary War. Originally constructed by Samuel Horton, it was purchased by Jacob Purdys father, Samuel Purdy in 1730. It came into the possession of Jacob Purdy about 1785, in the aftermath of the war when some of the family had fled as United Empire Loyalists.</p><br>
<p>In the 1960s it was repaired and restored, and in 1973 the structure was moved to its present location. A further renovation was conducted around 1980, involving both professional craftsmen and local teenagers in an apprentice program. The Jacob Purdy House is now the headquarters of the White Plains Historical Society. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<p>Anaa, Nganaa-nui  is an atoll in the Tuamotu archipelago, in French Polynesia. It is located in the north-west of the archipelago, 350 km to the east of Tahiti. It is oval in shape, 29.5 km in length and 6.5 km wide, with a total land area of 38 km² and a population of 504. The atoll is made up by eleven small barren islands with deeper and more fertile soil than other atolls in the Tuamotus. The lagoon is shallow, without entrance, and formed by three main basins. Although it does not have any navigable access, the water of the lagoon renews by several small channels that can be crossed walking.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The atoll of Anaa was known by the legendary cruelty of its soldiers who in the seventeenth century, dominated the north-west of the Tuamotus.</p><br>
<p>The Spanish expedition of Pedro Fernández de Quirós landed on Anaa on 10 February 1606 and named it Conversión de San Pablo. Its sight was recorded by French explorer Louis Antoine de Bougainville in 1768. James Cook sighted it in 1769. Because of its shape, he called it Chain Island. Later, Anaa was visited by Spanish explorer Domingo de Boenechea, on November 1 of 1772, who called it Isla de Todos los Santos (All Saints Island) because they arrived on All Saints&#39; Day.</p><br>
<p>At the beginning of the nineteenth century, control of the atoll went to the Pomaré of Tahiti. Around 1850 Anaa was an active center of the nacre commerce and copra, with a maximum population of 2,000. The missionary competition between Mormons of North America and French Catholics led to a revolt in 1852, and an intervention by French colonial troops.</p><br>
<p>In 1878 and 1906 Anaa suffered severe hurricane damages and was completely flooded. After the hurricane of 1983, the only village was moved and reconstructed, incorporating a refuge shelter with capacity for all its population.</p><br>
<p>Anaa has a territorial airport which was inaugurated in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Tukuhora</h2><br>
<p>The main village is Tukuhora, also called Anaa, with a population of about 350. The other small villages like Temarie, Otepipi, Mania and Tematahoa have small seasonal popluation. The population subsists mainly on fishing, the cultivation of nacre and the production of copra.</p><br>
<h2>Commune of Anaa</h2><br>
<p>Anaa is the capital of the commune (municipality) that also includes the associated atoll of Faaite and the uninhabited atolls of Tahanea and Motutunga.</p><br>
<h3>Overview</h3><br>
<h3>Faaite</h3><br>
<p>Faaite is an atoll located 60 km to the north of Anaa. The total surface of the atoll is of 230 km². Its dry land area has a surface of 9 km². The inner lagoon has a navigable channel to the ocean. The main village is Hitianau, with a total population of 246. It was discovered by John Turnbull in 1802, the first retailer of the Pacific who used the route of Tahiti to Hawaii. Historically the atoll also has been known as Miloradovich.</p><br>
<h3>Tahanea</h3><br>
<p>Tahanea is an atoll of 63 km², with three passages towards the interior of the lagoon. It is uninhabited and it visited occasionally. It was discovered by Domingo Bonaechea in 1772, who called it San Julian. It has also been known as Tchitschagof.</p><br>
<h3>Motutunga</h3><br>
<p>Motutunga is an uninhabited atoll, with a passage to the interior of the nonnavigable lagoon. Domingo Bonaechea called it San Blas. It has also been known as Adventure Island.</p><br>
<p>Miranjani is the highest peak, at 2,992 m in elevation, of Abbottabad District in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. It is located in the Namli Maira area, in Ayubia National Park, 80 km north of Islamabad in the western Himalayan range.</p><br>
<h2>Trek</h2><br>
<p>The Miranjani trek starts a few minutes drive away from the Governor House in Nathia Gali. The total length of the track is about 3.3 km and a net elevation of about 600 meters. Most of the path is soft dirt sparse with small rock (pebble) patches and hence is very easy to traverse with little effort. Intermediate to expert trekkers should be able to do it in 1 hour 15 mins to 2 hours. Beginners should also have no trouble and would be able to complete in 2-3 hours. The path to the peak is canopied with tall trees and is abundant in greenery.</p><br>
<p>Nathia Gali, Mushkpuri Peak and Azad Kashmir are easily visible from the top. On a clear day even Nanga Parbat, the ninth highest mountain in the world, at a displacement of 166 km or a distance of more than 400 km can be seen shining with its snow clad peaks.</p><br>
<p>If you carry further on from Miranjani one will reach Dagri Bangla and eventually Thandiani near Abbottabad.</p><br>
<p>The Makra is a scenic peak in the Mansehra District in Hazara Region of the Himalayas in northern Pakistan. It is 4,000 m high and almost 200 km from Islamabad on the Naran Road. From Kiwai, a single 7-kilometre-long road runs uphill to Shogran, a tourist resort with numerous hotels; the track continues to climb up to Seree Lake and ends at Paye. From here it is a trek of four hours to the top of the Makra. Hiking on the Makra is difficult due to snow and the gradient of the mountainsides.</p><br>
<p>Although it can be straightforward to climb, fatalities have occurred during storms and the fatality rate is 30%. In spite of its difficulties, the summit offers the good views of Hazara and Azad Kashmir.</p><br>
<p>Fatalities tend to occur in bad weather, especially thick fog, and as a result of the steepness of some sections.</p><br>
<p>The waters from the mountain&#39;s glacier feed the Kunhar River.</p><br>
<p>The place has been named as Makra Peak by locals as Makra (means spider in Urdu, the local language) due to its shape in snow resembling that of a spider on a web.</p><br>
<h2>Video</h2><br>
<p>There is a short video of the trek to the summit of the Makra and the views from the top</p><br>
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<p>Lane University was a college located in Lecompton, Kansas. It was founded in 1865 by Rev. Solomon Weaver, the first president, and was named after USA Senator James H. Lane. Jim Lane was a main free-state leader, and Lecompton was previously the capital of the opposing pro-slavery faction. Local tradition notes that a funding drive to construct the university promised to name it after the major contributor. Allegedly, James H. Lane made the largest pledge, received the namesake honor, and then died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound before he could carry out his promise.</p><br>
<p>The university was first located in what had been the Rowena Hotel. In 1865 the state donated to the university 13 acres of land that included the foundation of what had been intended to be the Kansas Territorial Capitol building at Lecompton. A college building was erected on the south half of the old foundation in 1882.</p><br>
<p>The Church of the United Brethren in Christ owned and controlled the school during its entire history. Almost all of the presidents were pastors. In 1900 it had 11 faculty members and 178 enrolled students. In 1902 Lane University was united with Campbell University to form Campbell College (Kansas).</p><br>
<p>David Eisenhower and Ida Stover, the parents of former president Dwight D. Eisenhower, met at Lane University as students and married in the chapel in 1885.</p><br>
<p>Today Lane University is a museum known as the Territorial Capital Museum, dedicated to Kansas history before the Civil War. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Lane University is not to be confused with Lane College in Jackson, Tennessee.</p><br>
<p>Isluga is a stratovolcano located in Colchane, 7 km west of the Chile/Bolivia border and at the west end of a group of volcanoes lined up in an east-west direction, which also includes the volcanoes Cabaray and Tata Sabaya. Isluga has an elongated summit area and lies within the borders of Volcán Isluga National Park in Chile&#39;s Tarapacá Region.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Isluga is part of the Andean Volcanic Belt, the volcanic zone on the western side of South America where the Nazca plate is subducted beneath the South American plate. Isluga is part of the segment named the Central Volcanic Zone.</p><br>
<p>There are several volcanic units in the Isluga area. A pre-Isluga unit containing Cabay volcano, northeastern Carcanchuni and southern Cerro Blanco are not stratigraphically controlled. The Enquelga unit is the first Isluga unit proper.</p><br>
<p>Being about 1,200 m high over its base, Isluga has five craters, a main crater 400 m wide at the end of snowcovered summit ridge and underwent caldera collapse. The volcano itself is constructed from lava domes and flows on top of Miocene ignimbrites. Several stages of eruptive activity are recognized, some of them exposed through erosion. A northwestern debris avalanche has been found on Isluga, on top of which the recent volcano is constructed. The fumarolically active crater region has been buried with surge deposits from phreatomagmatic activity, and the northern ridge is covered by Holocene lavas. A glaciated dacitic lava flow is dated 0.096±0.006 Ma by K-Ar analysis. North of Isluga lies the dissected Quimsachatas volcano, which has been dated at 0.566±0.017 Ma. Both the summit crater and the area below the crater on the southern flank are faintly fumarolically active, with yellow sulfur deposits observed.</p><br>
<h2>Eruptive activity</h2><br>
<p>Isluga erupted in February 1878 following the 1878 Tarapaca earthquake. Voluminous lava emissions destroyed the towns of Carima, Cariquima, Chiapa, Libiza and Sotoca, and the eruption was accompanied with strong earthquake activity in Cariquima. Other eruptions have been reported in August 1863, a major eruption in 1868 and August 1869, 1877 and 1878 and minor eruptions in 1863 and 1885.</p><br>
<p>Isluga last erupted in 1913, but ongoing volcanic earthquake activity has been observed. The volcano hosts some of the Andes&#39; largest thermal anomalies in satellite images and increased fumarolic activity in 2002–2003 was reported. Some earthquake activity may be associated with neighbouring hydrothermal fields.</p><br>
<h2>Petrology</h2><br>
<p>Isluga&#39;s lavas are andesitic to trachyandesitic in composition with SiO2 contents between 56-61%. The andesites are porphyritic with more than half phenocrysts and high potassium content (2.7-3.6%), moderate aluminium and high magnesium, although some hornblendes have high Na/K ratios. The petrology of the Isluga lineament lavas indicates an origin either in 3-5% partial melting of the mantle, or by a 15% partial melting of a granite-containing mantle with subsequent fractionation of mafic components.</p><br>
<h2>Mythology and archeology</h2><br>
<p>Also named Laram Qhawani, the volcano dominating the village of Enquelca is a sacred mountain, responsible for health, wealth and rain. It is considered a female spirit married to Cabarray. While no archeological remains have been found on its summit, a triangular stone structure resembles the patterns drawn when making offerings to spirits. One of the ends of the triangular structure points to Cerro Cariquima, another sacred mountain. Another archeological place was found at ca. 5,200 m (17,056&#39;) on the southern ridge, probably serving as protection against wind and with a niche in the walls that probably served ritual purposes.</p><br>
<h2>Threats</h2><br>
<p>Threats from future eruptions of Isluga consist primarily in the contamination of aquifers and destruction of agricultural areas by ash falls, both limiting factors in the desertic environment surrounding the volcano. Additionally, the cultural value of the region would be endangered, also given the relative lack of documentation thereof.</p><br>
<p>Bowmans Castle, also known as Nemacolin Castle, was built in present-day Brownsville, Pennsylvania, at the western terminus of the Nemacolins Trail on the east bank of the Monongahela river. It was built around the original trading post, which was built near the site of Fort Burd, the latter built by British colonists during the French and Indian War. Construction on the castle, including addition of a crenellated tower, continued through the Victorian era, when it was considered an engineering marvel.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The trading post was built shortly after the American Revolutionary War, in the mid-to-latter 1780s. Jacob Bowman began constructing the castle during the mid-to-late 1790s in the community once known as Redstone. The trading post was located at the Redstone Creek river crossing. The community built flatboats for travelers and traders on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. It was the long-time terminus of the western part of Nemacolin&#39;s Trail.</p><br>
<p>Likely more than 1,200 years before construction of the fort, trading post or castle, prehistoric indigenous peoples had also found this site a strategic one. They built the earthwork mounds which the colonists called Redstone Old Fort. Fort Burd was built on top of its sandstone base.</p><br>
<p>The Castle is one of several large buildings of the 1850s (In this case, the site holds part of Fort Burd;the well dug by the Fort Burd soildiers) still standing in western Pennsylvania. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Its alternate name, Nemacolins Castle, was derived from Nemacolins Trail, named after the Shawnee chief who helped improve and mark the ancient Native American trail through the Alleghenies. It connected the valleys of the Potomac River and the Ohio River drainage basin on the Monongahela River.</p><br>
<p>Three generations of the Bowman family were the only ones to live in the house/castle. Jacob Bowman and his wife started building the first part of the structure some time around 1789, with a trading post on the ground floor and one room above. Finding they needed more room, they added a broad hallway. They had nine children. At Jacob&#39;s death in 1847, he left the house to his son Nelson. Nelson added the east wing of the house and the brick tower.</p><br>
<p>Nelson Bowman and his wife, Elizabeth, also updated the nursery from a colonial to a Victorian style. Although Nelson married late in life, he and Elizabeth had six children. Only two survived to adulthood. When Nelson died in 1892, he left the house to their son Charles Bowman, who lived there with his wife Leila until his death. By her will, after the widow Leila Bowman died; years later The National Historical Society purchased the house and began to open it up to the public as a museum. It is now maintained and operated as a house museum by the Brownsville Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. It is located in the Brownsville Northside Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>In popular culture</h2><br>
<p>Interior and exterior scenes for Pie Head: A Kinda True Story, directed by and starring newcomer Hollis McLachlan, were shot at the castle in May 2010.</p><br>
<p>Ashland Middle School is a middle school in Ashland, Wisconsin&#39;s Ashland School District. It is also the name of a former school building that was listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places from 1980 until it was delisted in 2009.</p><br>
<p>The former school building was built in 1904 and was noted for its architecture, which contained Late Victorian, nineteenth-century revival and twentieth-century revival styles. The building was designed by Henry Wildhagen, who also designed three other schools in Ashland, all surviving, which also are NRHP-listed: Beaser School (1899), Ellis School (1900), and Wilmarth School (1895).</p><br>
<p>The current school building also hosts the Oredocker Project School, a charter school with a focus on students learning through completing comprehensive projects.</p><br>
<p>The Century Tower Condominiums, formerly known as the Trustees System Service Building, is a historic building located at 182 West Lake Street in the Loop in Chicago, Illinois.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed in 1929 and completed in 1930; at the time of its completion, it was the tallest reinforced concrete building in the world. Its original tenant and namesake was the Trustees Service System, a bank that specialized in consumer loans. Architects Thielbar and Fugard designed the building in the Art Deco style. The buildings design consists of a twenty-story main building topped by an eight-story tower and a ziggurat. The building has had a long list of various countries embassies as tenants.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 3, 1998.</p><br>
<p>The property was converted from a commercial building to apartments in 2003. In August, 2004 the building was used to film scenes from the movie Batman Begins. In September 2005 the building became a condominium and its name changed to Century Tower.</p><br>
<h2>Former tenants</h2><br>
<p>The building was once home to:</p><br>
<p>WIND (AM) radio.</p><br>
<p>WJJD (AM) radio.</p><br>
<p>the Belgian consulate.</p><br>
<p>the Chinese consulate.</p><br>
<p>the Cuban consulate.</p><br>
<p>the Dominican consulate.</p><br>
<p>the Grecian consulate.</p><br>
<p>the Honduran consulate.</p><br>
<p>the Hungarian consulate.</p><br>
<p>the Italian consulate.</p><br>
<p>the Mexican consulate.</p><br>
<p>The red marble used in the lobby is from an ancient Roman quarry in the city of Oran, Algeria.</p><br>
<p>The building is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Former names</h2><br>
<p>This building has formerly been named:</p><br>
<p>Skyline Century of Progress</p><br>
<p>The Lake and Wells Building</p><br>
<p>The 201 Tower</p><br>
<p>Corn Products Building</p><br>
<p>Trustees System Service Building</p><br>
<p>The Old Stone Church is a historic Presbyterian church located in downtown Cleveland, Ohio, and is the oldest building on Public Square. It is also the second church built within the city limits.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In June 1819, the Union Sunday School began meeting on the site of the current church, and on September 19, 1820, fifteen Clevelanders, some ten percent of the then-villages population, signed a charter officially establishing the congregation. It was formally incorporated in 1827 as The First Presbyterian Society, and in 1834 the first church was built out of gray sandstone. The interior featured a gallery suspended by iron rods, reportedly a first in a Cleveland public building, as well as the citys first pipe organ. Because of its building materials, First Presbyterian was called "the Stone Church," and as other stone churches were erected in the area, it became known as the "Old Stone Church."</p><br>
<p>By 1853, the congregation had outgrown the original building, so the church was razed, and a larger replacement was built on the same spot. The Romanesque Revival church, dedicated on August 12, 1855, was also made of local sandstone, and was designed by architects Charles Heard and Simeon Porter.</p><br>
<h3>A series of fires</h3><br>
<p>Nineteen months later, on March 7, 1857, fire struck the church. Water from the hand-pumped fire engines was unable to reach the 250-foot steeple, which came crashing down onto Ontario Street. Despite this, the building remained mostly intact, and reconstruction began almost immediately. The church was rededicated on January 17, 1858.</p><br>
<p>The second fire occurred on January 5, 1884, spreading to the church from the adjoining Wick Building&#39;s Park Theater. Despite the sturdy construction of the building, the interior was gutted. Afterward, the congregation considered a move to E. 55th Street and Euclid Avenue, but it was eventually decided to keep the original location, after pressure from influential members including John Hay. Architect Charles Schweinfurth was hired to head the reconstruction of the church, which was dedicated on October 19, 1884. Subsequent additions to the church include three Louis Comfort Tiffany stained glass windows, a John La Farge triple window overlooking Public Square, and a Holtkamp Organ Company organ.</p><br>
<h2>Present day</h2><br>
<p>The Old Stone Church has stood virtually unchanged to this day, and is the last remaining church designed by the Heard and Porter architectural firm. The only major modification was the 1998 addition of a steeple that replicated the original, part of a $2.4 million renovation project, which also included cleaning the Berea sandstone (which had turned black from air pollution) and conservation of the La Farge window. The Old Stone Church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Gojeb River is eastward-flowing tributary of the Omo River in Ethiopia. It rises in the mountains of Guma, flowing in almost a direct line its confluence with the Omo at</p><br>
<p>Its canyon provided the former Kingdom of Kaffa an important defensive frontier against the invading Oromo people during the 16th and 17th centuries, as described by Mohammed Hassan:</p><br>
<p>The hot valley of the Gojeb, infested with both terrible mosquitos and tsetse flies, covered with tall grass and dense forest, made rapid cavalry attack and retreat virtually impossible. This natural protection ... was further strengthened by elaborate and highly complex man-made fortifications which protected all the entrances to that country.</p><br>
<p>Because of its location between the two kingdoms, Alexander Bulatovich, who crossed the river in January 1897, reported its valley was uninhabited, yet "abounds in wild goats and antelopes. Leopards and lions are encountered here. Larger animals, such as elephants and rhinoceroses, stay lower on the river&#39;s course, near to where the Gojeb flows into the Omo."</p><br>
<p>The Gojeb is the location of the Gojeb Dam, Ethiopia&#39;s first Independent Power Project. This 150-MW hydroelectric plant started commercial operation in 2004. The project was developed by Mohammed International Development Research Organization and Companies (MIDROC), which intends to sell the output to the Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation.</p><br>
<p>South Branch Towanda Creek is a tributary of Towanda Creek in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately 16.5 mi long and flows through Terry Township, Albany Township, New Albany, and Monroe Township.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>South Branch Towanda Creek begins on a hill in Terry Township. It flows southwest for a short distance and then turns southwest and flows though several small lakes. The creek enters Albany Township and after some distance begins to gradually turn north-northwest, flowing parallel to USA Route 220. After several miles, it passes through New Albany, where it receives the tributaries Beaver Run and Ladds Creek. Continuing roughly north, the creek passes by Hatch Mountain and enters Monroe Township. In Monroe Township, it receives the tributaries Fenner Run, Saterlee Run, and Kent Run. It passes Nichols Point, Marcy Point, and Kellogg Mountain. A few miles downstream, the creek reaches its confluence with Towanda Creek near the community of Monroeton.</p><br>
<p>South Branch Towanda Creek joins Towanda Creek 4.18 mi upstream of its mouth.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The elevation near the mouth of South Branch Towanda Creek is 754 ft above sea level. The elevation of the stream&#39;s source is between 1,500 ft and 1,520 ft above sea level.</p><br>
<h2>Watershed</h2><br>
<p>The watershed of South Branch Towanda Creek has an area of 46.80 square miles. The creek lacks a gauge.</p><br>
<h2>Recreation</h2><br>
<p>It is possible to canoe on 8.6 mi of South Branch Towanda Creek during snowmelt or within three days of heavy rain. The creek&#39;s difficulty rating ranges between 1 and 3 and it is considered to be suitable for intermediate canoers. Edward Gertler describes the scenery along the creek as "fair to good" in his book Keystone Canoeing.</p><br>
<p>The John F. Cates House  is a historic structure that was built ca. 1859. The house, which stands on the north side of Mississippi, is listed in the National Register of Historic Places and is a registered Mississippi Landmark.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house, which has been in the same family for six generations (its entire history to date), is a vernacular example of the type of Greek Revival architecture built by small farmers in the area during the antebellum years. It is the sole surviving antebellum structure in Brownsville and was damaged during a Civil War skirmish, when a chimney cap was blown off by an artillery round.</p><br>
<p>The house was restored in 1989-1992 by the late Marcus Charles Hammack, a descendant of the original builder.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>The John F. Cates House is a story-and-one-half, five-bay, side-gabled residence with a gabled portico on the front and a full-width gallery across the back. The basic plan is a center hall with two large rooms on either side; there is also a modern apartment in the half-story, accessible by a stair mounting from the back gallery.</p><br>
<p>Notable features include board-and-batten siding; eight-foot, paneled, single-leaf doors, tongue-in-groove, random width heart pine floors; and a mixture of original pilastered and shouldered-architrave mantels.</p><br>
<p>Holly Grove Plantation House was built ca. 1832 by Noel and Jane Killingsworth near Red Lick, Mississippi, and dismantled and reconstructed 70 mi to the north in Hinds County, Mississippi, in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house, a mixture of federal and Greek Revival architecture, was originally constructed from a kit manufactured in Cincinnati, the components of which were shipped down the Ohio and Mississippi rivers to Rodney, Mississippi, and transported to Red Lick by wagons along with a crew supplied by the manufacturer, believed to be Hinkle, Guild & Co. The frame of the house, of post-and-beam, mortise-and-tenon construction, includes numerous interchangeable components (indicating manufactured millwork), with Roman numeral markings. The original foundation sills were hewn on site, with manufactured framework of poplar, spruce and fir, exterior siding and trim of cypress, walls and ceilings of tongue-in-groove spruce and fir and floors of heart pine.</p><br>
<h2>Layout</h2><br>
<p>The basic plan consists of a full-width undercut front gallery and center hall with two rooms on either side; a stair mounts from the hall to a second-story hall with a room on either side. A dining wing (no longer extant) was added to the rear of the house, along with a full-width breezeway and side galleries on either side (along with a secondary stair) c. 1850.</p><br>
<h2>Ownership</h2><br>
<p>The house remained in the Killingsworth family until 1990; it was listed in 1996 on the National Register of Historic Places after being reconstructed and restored at its new site along the Old Bridgeport Road by its present owner, Alan Huffman.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Notable features include a fanlight and sidelights framing double paneled front doors, original false graining on all original doors, original marbleizing on surviving mantels, and handwriting (including notes, poems and other records) on walls throughout the house, with the earliest dating to 1870. The nearby Old Bridgeport Road is a registered Mississippi Landmark. The current site has had a variety of uses, first as a Native American camp, later as Hall&#39;s Plantation, which was occupied by Union troops on numerous occasions during the Civil War, and finally as the center of an African American tenant farming community.</p><br>
<p>College Hill Presbyterian Church, located just outside Oxford, Mississippi at College Hill, is an historic church and a member of the Presbyterian Church in America . It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>This fellowship of Christians was organized as a local church on January 11, 1835, in the home of Alexander Shaw, one of the early Scot-Irish settlers in North Mississippi. Originally the church was named Neriah Church, but shortly thereafter it was redesignated Ebenezer Church.</p><br>
<p>In 1836 members migrated to this area and on January 11, 1841, the church was renamed College Presbyterian Church in recognition of the founding of the North Mississippi College. In 1842 the congregation paid $400 for 23 acre on which to construct a public place of worship. The sanctuary, built in 1844 under the direction of Francis Timmons, is the oldest Presbyterian structure in North Mississippi and the oldest church building of any denomination in the Oxford area. Constructed of bricks fired on the site, the building was completed in 1846 at a total cost of $2,809,75. The pulpit, the pews, and the pew gates are the original furnishings.</p><br>
<p>Events of interest include the encampment of these grounds by Union troops of General Grant and General Sherman, and the marriage of author William Faulkner. The church is thought to be the model for some settings in Faulkners novels. The church cemetery contains a number of unmarked Union soldiers burial sites. The Session&#39;s original minutes, dating back to the 1835 organizational meeting, are safeguarded in a local bank.</p><br>
<p>In more recent times, the ministry of the church began an outreach to the students of the nearby University of Mississippi under pastor Jack C. Oates (1967-1972) while he was a graduate student and teaching assistant at the University as well as teaching in the University&#39;s Continuing Education program. He also served as part time pastor at two other churches, Hopewell Presbyterian and Abbeville Presbyterian, comprising a three church field in St. Andrew Presbytery of the former Southern Presbyterian Church (P.C.USA)</p><br>
<p>The ministry continued to grow while Tom Tyndall first served as pastor to the three church field and then just to College Hill Church from 1973-78. In the summer of 1977 the PCUS cited the church&#39;s outreach to students as one of two outstanding small church ministries in the denomination. Under both Jack Oates and Tom Tyndall, the church held "Christian Life Conferences" that featured well-known Christian scholars speaking both to the church and to various classes held on the campus of Ole Miss.</p><br>
<p>Mathesons Bay or Te Kohuroa is a small beach in the Rodney district of the Auckland Region of New Zealand. It is 21 kilometres north-east of Warkworth, near the small community of Leigh. It comprises mainly holiday homes, with a small number of permanent residents.</p><br>
<p>Off shore there is a small island called Mathesons Bay Island which has some big rocks coming off which shelters the beach. There is sometimes a pontoon that is very fun to jump off. No dogs on beach between 9:00 am and 7:00 pm from the start of labour weekend to the end of Easter Monday, But for the rest of the year dogs are allowed on whenever they want. There is a small playground with a short walk up the hillside. There is a walk way that starts at Mathesons Bay and goes just past the end of Matheson Bay Road.</p><br>
<p>The Basque Mountains  are a mountain range situated in the northern Iberian Peninsula. Geographically it is considered as the eastern section of the larger Cantabrian Range. The range runs through the Basque Autonomous Community and western Navarre.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The Basque Mountains are a transitional range between two major ones, the Cantabrian range to the west and the Pyrenees to the east. Geologists call the area "The Basque threshold" and some consider that the Cantabrian Mountains and the Pyrenees are a single greater range and the Basque Mountains are just part of both</p><br>
<p>There are two parallel sub-ranges running from west to east, the inner one and the coastal one. In between them there is a 500 m high plateau called "Llanada Alavesa" (Alava Plains) where Vitoria-Gasteiz is located. East of the Llanada a narrow valley called Burunda and its follow-up Barranca (or Sakana in Basque) separate the two ranges, with Urbasa-Andia located to the south and Aralar to the north. The valley harbours major infrastructures linking Vitoria-Gasteiz and Pamplona.</p><br>
<h3>Climate</h3><br>
<p>The Basque coastal range forms the water divide of the Mediterranean and Atlantic basins, the climate north of the range is milder and oceanic, typical of the so-called green Spain, while to the south of the coastal range and in the inner range winters are cold and snowy and summers drier and hotter than in the northern range, in general the climate in the Basque municipalities south of this range is more Mediterranean with some Continental traits, showing less precipitation and much colder winters than those coastal municipalities north of the range.</p><br>
<p>The snow cover is very irregular during the winter season. From November to April snow cover can be found in the Basque Mountains above 700 m AMSL, but the ever changing weather conditions of the Bay of Biscay can bring great accumulations of snow and a sudden rise of temperatures can melt it in a few days due to the Foehn wind effect. This sudden melting can cause flooding problems, specially in the plains of northern Alava.</p><br>
<h2>Massifs</h2><br>
<p>It is a range of moderate height; Aitxuri (1,551 m) in the Aizkorri massif is the highest peak.</p><br>
<p>In the inner range the main massifs from west to east are:</p><br>
<p>Sierra Salvada (Orduña)</p><br>
<p>Mounts of Vitoria, the most important is Kapildui (1,177 m)</p><br>
<p>Izki</p><br>
<p>Urbasa, a 1,000 m high plateau</p><br>
<p>Andía, with the impressive Beriain (1,493 m)</p><br>
<p>In the coastal range its main massifs from west to east are:</p><br>
<p>Gorbea (Gorbeia) 1,481 m, maximum height of Biscay.</p><br>
<p>Urkiola, Anboto (1,331 m) being its highest peak.</p><br>
<p>Elgea</p><br>
<p>Aizkorri</p><br>
<p>Altzania, the Aratz is the maximum height (1,442 m).</p><br>
<p>Aralar, its most known peak being Txindoki (1,346 m)</p><br>
<h2>Nature</h2><br>
<p>The range is almost entirely limestone, but other materials can be found.</p><br>
<p>The slopes are generally gentle, but there are many limestone peaks and cliffs in which vultures dwell.</p><br>
<p>There is abundant oceanic climate vegetation, like beeches, oaks, birches and other like the Cantabrian Holm Oaks and the Pinus radiata, the last one artificially introduced for plantation.</p><br>
<p>The Bagdad Theatre is a movie theater in the Hawthorne District of Portland, Oregon, United States. It originally opened in 1927 and was the site of the gala premiere of One Flew Over the Cuckoo&#39;s Nest in 1975, and of My Own Private Idaho in 1991.</p><br>
<p>The theatre was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. It is currently owned by the McMenamins brewpub chain.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The rectangular structure covers almost all of four adjacent lots that total less than 1 acre. Resting on a concrete foundation, the Bagdad is made largely of reinforced concrete covered with stucco. Building heights vary from three-and-a-half stories on the north to three in the middle to five on the south. Partial basements underlie the north and south ends, and the structure is topped by a variety of shed, hip, and flat roofs of red tile.</p><br>
<p>Commercial storefronts, separated by a glassed-in theatre entrance, face north and west on the main floor. Other exterior features include multi-paned transoms, fanlight transoms, red tile hoods above windows, decorative molding, mock rafters, and wrought-iron balconets. With a few exceptions, the exterior looks much as it did in 1927.</p><br>
<p>A 700 ft lobby leads from the entrance toward the theatres viewing areas. Hallways, ramps, and the auditorium have concrete walls decorated in a style meant to suggest the interior of a building near the Mediterranean Sea. Features include trompe-lœil tiles, ornate lighting fixtures, arched doorways, and motifs involving animals and mythological creatures.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Universal Pictures spent $100,000 for the Bagdad, which opened in 1927. Thomas and Mercier, a Portland architectural firm, designed the Bagdad, which was built by Christman and Otis Development Company. The theatres exotic exterior and its huge neon-lit marquee competed with other movie houses, drive-in restaurants, and billboards of the 1920s in attracting customers attention. Moorish, Egyptian, and Mayan motifs appeared here and there on movie houses across the city.</p><br>
<p>The theatre&#39;s interior included a large stage, a fountain, and Middle-Eastern decor, and its female ushers wore uniforms meant to appear Arabian. Early shows featured silent films, talkies, a theatre orchestra, live stage shows, and vaudeville. Noted performers in the past included Sammy Davis Jr., and the Will Mastin Trio.</p><br>
<p>In 1975, Jack Nicholson, Louise Fletcher, and Michael Douglas appeared at the Bagdad for Oregons first showing of One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest. My Own Private Idaho opened at the Bagdad in 1991 after McMenamins renovated the theatre.</p><br>
<p>In recent years, the theatre has hosted regular film series, like the "Midnight Movie" series organized by the hosts of cortandfatboy, in addition to book tours hosted by Powell&#39;s Books. In 2013, McMenamins renovated the theater, which included a larger screen, a digital projector, new seats, and an upgraded sound system.</p><br>
<p>Spinnaker Island  is an island in the Hingham Bay area of Boston Harbor in Massachusetts, USA. The island is part of the town of Hull, to which it is connected by a bridge, and is one of the few harbor islands that neither forms part of the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area nor is considered within the municipal limits of the city of Boston.</p><br>
<p>In 1920, Fort Duvall, a Coast Artillery fort, was constructed on Little Hog Island. A pair of 16-inch guns were emplaced on the island and later fortified with reinforced concrete casemates just prior to World War II. One of these fortifications is still visible under a condominium complex at the north end of the island, where it is currently used as parking space. The fort was declared surplus after the war.</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s, the island became the site of the Integrated Fire Control (IFC) and radar systems for a Nike missile site. The missile launchers were located in what is now the Webb Memorial State Park, on the other side of Hingham Bay. The missile site was deactivated in 1974 and the island was subsequently used by the Hull public school system.</p><br>
<p>In 1987, the island was redeveloped as a condominium and marina complex and renamed Spinnaker Island by the new owner.</p><br>
<p>Chapman&#39;s Pool is a small cove to the west of Worth Matravers on the Isle of Purbeck, in Dorset, England.</p><br>
<h2>Chapman's Pool Lifeboat</h2><br>
<p>In 1866, after much local pressure and because many lives were lost at sea nearby, the decision was made to build a lifeboat station at Chapmans Pool. The station was built and completed during 1867. The lifeboat George Scott was placed at Chapmans Pool in November 1866 but the station soon closed again in 1880 owing to the great expense involved in up keeping the boathouse, the land slips that constantly swept down upon it and because lacking a village nearby, and there being too few local volunteers to serve on the lifeboat. The building still stands and is used as a fishing hut.</p><br>
<h2>Geology</h2><br>
<p>The rocks that form the cove are the upper parts of the Kimmeridge Clay, and are rich in fossils, especially bivalves and ammonites. Most of these fossils are flattened, but three-dimensional examples are preserved in the "Rotunda Nodules", including the age-marker ammonite, the coarse-ribbed Pavlovia rotunda.</p><br>
<h2>Manganese oxide findings</h2><br>
<p>Manganese oxide may also be found at the Chapman&#39;s Pool site, but does not originate from the Jurassic rocks. In amongst the Kimmeridge shale and rock pools, as well as on the shore line, it is still possible to find small bubbly-looking lumps of manganese oxide, which is often mistakenly believed to have formed from the Kimmeridge shale. However, these are the remains of part of the cargo of the Steamship "Treveal" that was wrecked on the Kimmeridge Ledges below Hounstout on January 10, 1920.</p><br>
<h2>Emmetts Hill Memorial</h2><br>
<p>The Royal Marines Association memorial garden at Emmetts Hill was initiated following the IRA attack on the Royal Marines Barracks at Deal, home and training centre for the Royal Marines Band Service, in September 1989. The originator and organiser for the project was Colin Dishington, a member of the Dorset Branch of the RMA, since renamed the Poole and District Branch. A suitable site was chosen on an exposed headland looking out over the wild seas of Kimmeridge Bay with a view down to Chapmans Pool and along the rugged Jurassic coastline to Portland. The site also overlooks a training area used by the Royal Marines both during World War II and since; in addition, it fitted the beauty and tranquility required for the memorial location. The land, which is within the boundary of the Enscombe estate, was freely given by the then owner, David Scott (Lt Col retd), and right of access to the site is written into the deeds of the tenant farmer. It was decided to add to the initial Deal inscription to remember Royal Marines lost in all the conflicts from 1945-1990. As well as bearing the Corps crest, the original stone also bears a message to passing walkers and those that come to pay their respects:Rest awhile and reflect that we who are living can enjoy the beauty of the sea and countryside.In 2005 a new stone was added to commemorate ongoing losses of Royal Marines in current conflicts over more recent years. A service of dedication was conducted by the Rev. W. Aires, with the stone unveiled by Maj.-Gen. F. C. Barton, CB CBE RM, on 19 August 2006. Each year since the unveiling, a service has been conducted by the RMA at the memorial. The calls are sounded by a serving RM bugler from the RM Band Service. Details of the monument are registered with the Imperial War Museums Monument section and local guides give reference to it. Access to the site is by footpath from the car park at Renscombe Farm. The original three-bar wooden rail fence has been replaced by a Purbeck stone wall to blend in with the stone walls of the area, and gives better protection to the garden, which is maintained by volunteers from the Poole and District RMA. As the site is on the main coastal path many people pause to reflect at the memorial, or use it as a resting point on their walk to enjoy the views. The ashes of RMA members have also been scattered in the monument gardens, and the families of those lost and resting elsewhere often visit the site, a truly peaceful and fitting memorial to the members of the Royal Marines family who have given their lives since WW2.</p><br>
<p>National Park Seminary — later called National Park College — was a private girls&#39; school open from 1894 to 1942. Located in Forest Glen, Maryland, its name alludes to nearby Rock Creek Park. The historic campus is to be preserved as the center of a new housing development.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>College</h3><br>
<p>The campus began in 1887 as "Ye Forest Inne," a summer vacation retreat for Washington, D.C., residents. The retreat did not succeed financially, and the property was sold and redeveloped as a finishing school, opening in 1894 with a class of 48 female students. The architecture of the campus remained eclectic and whimsical. In addition to various Victorian styles, exotic designs included a Dutch windmill, a Swiss chalet, a Japanese pagoda, an Italian villa, and an English castle.</p><br>
<p>Many of these small homes with international designs were built from blueprints obtained by competing sororities, but all were designed by architect Emily Elizabeth Holman of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The campus also featured covered walkways, outdoor sculptures, and elaborately planned formal gardens. Among the administration was Assistant Dean of the College, Miss Edna Roeckel. In 1936 it was renamed "National Park College" and its focus was realigned with more modern education trends; it remained one of the most prestigious women&#39;s schools in the country.</p><br>
<h3>Walter Reed Forest Glen Annex</h3><br>
<p>With the onset of World War II, the United States Army began planning for the medical needs of returning soldiers. In 1942, the property was acquired by Walter Reed Army Hospital as a medical facility for disabled soldiers, thus closing the college. The Army paid $890,000 for the land and buildings that became the Walter Reed Forest Glen Annex. The goal was to provide to seriously injured service members a quiet, green space for rehabilitation and recovery that was within a short drive from the heavily urbanized neighborhood surrounding the hospital. Following World War II and the Korean War, the USA Army attempted to maintain the space with progressively limited funds; the USA Army employed some of the unique sorority houses as base housing for military officers who organized themselves and enlisted soldiers to maintain the seminary space. Eventually, however, the Army lost sufficient funding from the USA Congress during the 1960-1970s to maintain the space and was compelled to declare the property excess, pending transfer to the General Services Administration to find a new owner.</p><br>
<p>Although the USA Army was frequently criticized by local residents during the 1980-1990s for allowing the undeveloped portion of the property to remain economically stagnant, it was largely government ownership that protected the space from overdevelopment. Once relinquished due to base maintenance funding cuts from Congress, the USA Army Walter Reed Medical Center lost what once had been a quiet, rehabilitative area for service members recovering from post-war trauma during the 1940s just as the Iraq War began during 2003. The loss of the Forest Glenn annex as a military medical center for post-war rehab contributed to the necessity of leasing sub-standard space and the subsequent Walter Reed neglect scandal in 2007 that led to firing of the hospital commander and the USA Army Surgeon General.</p><br>
<h3>Preservation and development</h3><br>
<p>On September 14, 1972, a 27-acre (0.11-km²) National Park Seminary Historic District was listed as a national historic district on the National Register of Historic Places. In the following years, the historical integrity of the property was threatened by neglect and vandalism. The Greek Revival Odeon Theater was lost to arson. Local preservation groups took action and "Save Our Seminary" (SOS) was formed in 1988. In the late 1990s, Senator Paul Sarbanes was instrumental in encouraging the Army to make repairs to some of the buildings and, ultimately, in releasing the property for development. With private donations, SOS began an exterior restoration project of the pagoda in 1999, completed in 2003.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, a development team led by the Alexander Company began implementing a plan to preserve the campus as the core of a new residential neighborhood. The residential neighborhood consists of townhomes, condominiums, and apartments. The townhomes are in a variety of architectural styles from Spanish mission to colonial. The apartments, some of which are affordable housing, are in the main structure. Condominiums are located in several buildings that branch off of the main structure including the Senior House, Senior Annex, and Music Hall. There are condominiums in the Chapel and Aloha House. The Alexander Company&#39;s plans for redevelopment of the site were featured in a 2006 New York Times story.</p><br>
<p>In order to raise funds necessary to preserve most all of the historic buildings, portions of the abandoned seminary grounds were made available for townhouse development which began in 2006. The 12 acre old growth forest in the glen and most of the historically sensitive yards and courts were spared from redevelopment.</p><br>
<p>The Country Club Historic District is a suburban residential district established in 1922 in Edina, Minnesota, United States. It was one of Minnesota&#39;s first comprehensive planned communities and served as the prototype for subsequent town planning in this suburb of Minneapolis. The development was modeled after the J.C. Nichols Country Club District in Kansas City, Missouri.</p><br>
<p>The district is also noted for its homogeneous Period Revival architecture. The architectural styles are primarily Colonial Revival, Tudor Revival, Georgian Revival and Mediterranean Revival designs. The neighborhood is listed in the National Register of Historic Places with 550 contributing properties mostly built 1924–1931. It was listing for having local significance in architecture, community planning, and landscape architecture.</p><br>
<p>The South Branch of the Souhegan River is a 5.8 mi river located in northern Massachusetts and southern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Souhegan River, which flows to the Merrimack River and ultimately to the Gulf of Maine.</p><br>
<p>The South Branch begins near Mount Watatic at the outlet of Stodge Meadow Pond in the town of Ashburnham, Massachusetts and flows through a chain of small lakes (Marble Pond, Ward Pond, and Watatic Pond) before flowing northeast into the town of Ashby, Massachusetts. North of Ashby, the river enters New Ipswich, New Hampshire, passes through a small flood-control reservoir, and joins the West Branch to form the Souhegan River, just north of the intersection known as "Gibson Four Corners".</p><br>
<p>The McPherson Town Historic District contains roughly 90 structures located on the north side of downtown Dayton, Ohio just on the other side of the Great Miami River.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Tucked into a corner of the horseshoe area formed by a bend in the Great Miami River, McPherson Town was founded on February 1, 1845. On this date, an Irishman named Samuel McPherson filed a plat consisting of 34 swampy, wooded lots on both sides of Dayton and Covington Turnpike. The center of this plat was located at the present day North Main St. and McPherson St.</p><br>
<p>McPherson Town, and much of Dayton was devastated by the flood of 1897 and the Great Dayton Flood of 1913. Many homes were destroyed or badly damaged. Current residents still find pounds of flood mud in walls and ceilings during renovation projects.</p><br>
<p>In the years following World War II, Dayton citizens began their head-long flight to the suburbs, leaving an aging and declining inner-city, including McPherson Town. After years of neglect, the area was slated for bulldozing and urban renewal. Residential property was purchased for speculative purposes, including commercial development, highrise condominiums and an interstate highway. But in the early 1970s, a few key private investors recognized the unique historical significance of the neighborhood and began to renovate several old homes. With this, a move to obtain historic district status began.</p><br>
<p>In August, 1977 Dayton declared McPherson Town its third historic neighborhood and structures were protected from future urban renewal efforts. In 1988, McPherson Town was registered on the National Register of Historic Places, bounded by Main St., Great Miami River, and I-75 and Downtown Dayton (No. 88001712). City of Dayton Ordinance #25363.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Most of the structures still in existence today in McPherson Town were built between 1880 and 1900. The architecture of McPherson Town Historic District includes examples Stick/Eastlake, Queen Anne and others. Since 1995, several modern infill houses have been constructed to replace structures that had been lost to fire or decay, and repair the streetscape of the neighborhood. These new construction homes are designed to look period with modern conveniences.</p><br>
<p>The Akhtuba River ; also transliterated Achtuba on some maps) is a left distributary of the Volga River.</p><br>
<p>The Akhtuba splits off the Volga above the city Volgograd (at ), and flows toward the Volga Delta and Caspian Sea. The old beginning of Akhtuba was blocked by the dam of the Volga Hydroelectric Station; now it flows from the Volga via an artificial outtake canal 6.5 km long that starts below the dam. The river is 537 km long; the average water flow is 153 m3/s.</p><br>
<p>The following cities lie on or near the Akhtuba: Volzhsky (at the beginning of the river), Leninsk, Znamensk, Akhtubinsk, Kharabali (within 5 kilometres of the river). The capital of the Golden Horde, Sarai Batu, was most likely located along the Akhtuba as well, not far from Kharabali.</p><br>
<p>The area between the Volga and the Akhtuba is known as the Volga-Akhtuba plain, which is one</p><br>
<p>of Russia&#39;s primary vegetable growing areas. It is particularly well known as a</p><br>
<p>major source of watermelons consumed in Russia.</p><br>
<p>The Pamplonita River is the main river of the Colombian city of Cúcuta and one of the most important of the Norte de Santander Department.</p><br>
<p>The Pamplonita River was used to transport cacao, the main form of wealth in the region and a major axis of the economy during the 18th and 19th centuries.</p><br>
<p>It begins, at an elevation of 3,000 m above sea level, in the hill of Altogrande, the desert of Fontibón, the neighborhoods of Pamplona.</p><br>
<p>It descends by the valley of the Cariongo, leaves by the big hole of Pamplona and follows towards the northwest, until the height of Chinácota, receives waters of the Honda gorge and continues lowering until the valley of Cúcuta, through where it happens tired, and when leaving it is joined with the Táchira, until ending at the mighty Zulia river, that throws them to the lake of Maracaibo. Most of his course one occurs to 150 ms on the level of the sea.</p><br>
<p>Its river basin is located on the eastern mountain range, extending by the southwest of north of Santander, from Pamplona to Puerto Santander.</p><br>
<p>In the 1960s, the World Health Organization worked with national health officials to extend clean water supplies to Pamplona.</p><br>
<p>Amigos del Río (River Friends) for the Pamplonita River at Cucuta, works to rehabilitate and improve the river.</p><br>
<p>Codorus Creek is a 42.4 mi tributary of the Susquehanna River in York County, Pennsylvania in the United States.</p><br>
<h2>Course</h2><br>
<p>Codorus Creek (Native American for "rapid water") rises on Beecher Hill in Manheim Township, just 2 mi north of the Pennsylvania-Maryland line and the town of Lineboro, Maryland. The initial stretch of the stream, sometimes known as the West Branch, flows northwest to Menges Mills, then turns northeast and flows past Spring Grove and New Salem to a junction with the South Branch approximately 0.8 mi upstream of the Pennsylvania Route 182 crossing. The Army Corps of Engineers Indian Rock Dam, a flood control project, is located approximately 0.7 mi upstream of the confluence with the South Branch. Codorus Creek then flows for 15.4 mi to join the Susquehanna River near the community of Saginaw, passing through the center of the city of York along the way.</p><br>
<p>Efforts are underway to create the Codorus Creek water trail. Trails are planned for the main branch from Indian Rock to near the confluence with the Susquehanna and the South and West branches.</p><br>
<h2>Bridges</h2><br>
<p>Bridge 182+42 and Bridge 634 built by the Northern Central Railway cross Codorus Creek in Shrewsbury Township.</p><br>
<h2>South Branch Codorus Creek</h2><br>
<p>The South Branch joins the main stem (or "West Branch") approximately 0.8 mi upstream of the Pennsylvania Route 182 crossing, to form Codorus Creek. The source of the South Branch is in the borough of New Freedom, 1.4 mi north of the Maryland line, and the stream flows 21.6 mi northwards to its junction with the main stem.</p><br>
<p>The South Road Bridge, Northern Central Railway crosses the South Branch Codorus Creek in Springfield Township, Pennsylvania.</p><br>
<h2>Watershed association</h2><br>
<p>The Codorus Creek Watershed Association (CCWA) is a non-profit, all volunteer watershed organization dedicated to preserving and restoring the entire Codorus Creek watershed for today&#39;s generation and for generations to come. CCWA is actively (2011) involved in restoration activities at local tributary called Oil Creek near Hanover, and was recently awarded grant funding for another local tributary, Barshinger Creek, near Red Lion. Additional grants are pending final approval (April 2011) for two additional locations in the watershed.</p><br>
<p>The Latok group is a small cluster of dramatic rock peaks in the Panmah Muztagh, part of the central Karakoram mountain range in Pakistan. They lie just to the east of the Ogre group, dominated by Baintha Brakk. To the immediate south of the Latok group lies the Baintha Lukpar Glacier, a small tributary of the Biafo Glacier, one of the main glaciers of the Karakoram. On the north side of the group lies the Choktoi Glacier.</p><br>
<p>The group comprises four main summits, each listed here with its relative position in the group, elevation, and first ascent date:</p><br>
<p>Latok I, north-central, 7,145 m, climbed 1979</p><br>
<p>Latok II, west, 7,108 m, climbed 1977</p><br>
<p>Latok III, east, 6,949 m, climbed 1979</p><br>
<p>Latok IV, southeast, 6,456 m, climbed 1980</p><br>
<p>All of the summits are notable for their extreme technical difficulty, and they have been the scene of some of the hardest climbing done at high altitude anywhere in the world.</p><br>
<p>Latok I was first climbed in 1979 by a Japanese expedition led by Naoki Takada; the first summit party comprised Sine Matsumi, Tsuneo Shigehiro, Yu Watanabe, and they were followed three days later by Hideo Muto, Junichi Oku, and Kota Endo. They started from the Baintha Lukpar Glacier and climbed a buttress to reach the East Ridge.</p><br>
<p>The steep North Ridge of Latok I, 2,500 m (8,200 ft) high, is a notorious unclimbed route: it was first attempted, and almost successfully climbed, by the noted American climbers Jim Donini, Michael Kennedy, George Lowe, and Jeff Lowe. The lightweight style of this climb was widely admired, despite the lack of a summit. Many unsuccessful attempts have followed.</p><br>
<p>Latok II saw its first ascent in 1977, by an Italian group led by Arturo Bergamaschi. (This was the first successful ascent in the group.) They climbed the southeast face of the peak, and Ezio Alimonta, Toni Masé and Renato Valentini made the summit.</p><br>
<p>A notable recent ascent of Latok II came in 1997, when a very strong team composed of Alexander Huber, Thomas Huber, Toni Gutsch, and Conrad Anker climbed the sheer West Face of the peak. They described this aptly as putting "El Capitan on top of Denali": a 1,000 m (3,280 ft) vertical rock wall with a base at 6,100 m (20,000 ft) elevation. The total vertical for the climb was 2,200 m (7,200 ft).</p><br>
<p>The first ascent of Latok III came in 1979, when a Japanese team under the leadership of Yoji Teranishi climbed the Southwest Ridge route. They climbed the Southwest Ridge, and the summit party were Teranishi, Kazushige Takami, and Sakae Mori. The second ascent, via the same route, came in 1988, by an Italian party. This was in fact the first repeat ascent of any peak in the group.</p><br>
<p>The Standard Oil Gasoline Station is a historic gas station in Odell, Illinois, that lies along historic USA Route 66. Before the days of the interstate highway system the station served patrons along the highway&#39;s cross country jaunt. It is fairly typical of gas stations along the historic corridor.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The station was built in 1932 when a contractor, Patrick ODonnell purchased the small 200 ft by 60 ft piece of land the station stands on. The land lies on the southwest side of the Livingston County town. ODonnells plan was to build a gas station that he could lease to his son. The project went ahead and the station was modeled after a 1916 Standard Oil of Ohio design. The station is of the house and canopy style and includes work bays which were clearly added at a later date. Upon careful inspection the interior walls of the bays reveal the later origin. The station continued to sell Standard Oil products for its first several years but by 1940 it had switched to Phillips 66 brands. At least nine other stations besides ODonnell&#39;s dotted this part of Route 66 through Odell, the competition drove the addition of the bays by the 1940s. Between the 1940 and 1952 the station underwent a number of changes.</p><br>
<p>At one point, the station went from Phillips 66 to Sinclair products. Eventually, in 1952, Robert Close leased the station from ODonnell. When ODonnell died, Close purchased the property from his estate. He moved his family into the adjacent cafe which had been converted into a house. They stayed there until it burned in the 1970s. Close continued to do body work at the station until 1999. It was that year that the Village of Odell purchased the station for the express purpose of historic restoration. The Route 66 Association of Illinois took interest in the project and nominated the property for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places, a status it was granted on November 9. 1997.</p><br>
<p>Route 66 began to decline as early as the mid-1940s. A bypass was constructed around Odell in 1946, traffic was directed around the strip that held the gas stations and businesses started to disappear. The O&#39;Donnell station persisted until 1967, largely because it offered services as well as gasoline.</p><br>
<p>Peoria State Hospital Historic District, also known as Bartonville State Hospital or Illinois Asylum for the Incurable Insane, was a psychiatric hospital operated by the State of Illinois from 1902 to 1973. The hospital is located in Bartonville, Illinois, near the city of Peoria in Peoria County. The hospital grounds and its 47 buildings are listed as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The hospital was founded as a result of the Illinois General Assembly&#39;s provision for the establishment of the Illinois Asylum for the Incurable Insane in 1895. In response to the legislation, then Governor John Altgeld appointed a three person commission charged with site selection. The commission president was John Finely, a Peorian, and one of the members was J.J. McAndrews of Chicago who later served in the USA House of Representatives as a Congressman. The commission selected the site near Peoria, in Bartonville.</p><br>
<p>Construction at the site started in 1895 with the main building completed in 1897. This building was never used, however, as its structural integrity was compromised by abandoned mine shafts on the property. The 1927 history of the hospital, however, gives a different explanation for its abandonment:</p><br>
<p>In 1902, reconstruction was completed under the direction of Dr. George Zeller as a cottage system plan of 33 buildings. Among the buildings were patient and caretaker housing, a store, a power station, and a communal utility building.</p><br>
<p>The Illinois Hospital for the Incurable Insane began operations on February 10, 1902 and patients characterized as "incurable" were transferred to Bartonville from other Illinois facilities. In 1906 the hospital opened a training school for nurses. From 1907 to 1909 the facility was known as the Illinois General Hospital for the Insane and, in 1909, Peoria State Hospital. This same year, the offices of Board of Commissioners and Board of State Commissioners of Public Charities were abolished and all state-run charitable institutions were administered by the Board of Administration.</p><br>
<p>On the hospital&#39;s 25th anniversary in 1927, the population was 2,650 with a total of 13,510 patients having entered the facility. During this time, Dr. Zeller was widely respected for his focus on therepeutic efforts. Zeller crusaded for a better public understanding of the mentally ill including inviting newspaper reporters and community members to visit Peoria State. From 1943 until 1969 the hospital participated in a departmental affiliation program for psychiatric nursing which provided instruction in psychiatric nursing to students from regional general hospital nursing schools.</p><br>
<p>From 1917 until 1961 the hospital was operated by the Illinois Department of Public Welfare. In 1961 the Department of Mental Health was created and assumed responsibility of the institution.</p><br>
<p>At its peak in the 1950s, Bartonville housed 2,800 patients. By 1972 when its closure was announced, the patient census had dropped to 600. After the hospital closed, the buildings stood empty and were auctioned off. When the initial auction buyer went bankrupt, developer, Winsley Durand, Jr., took over ownership with the hope of creating office space in the structures. His plan was never fully realized and the buildings remained empty. Since that time, many of the remaining structures have been demolished and others were renovated to house various commercial and industrial businesses. The Village of Bartonville has established the entire property as a TIF district to encourage further growth and development of the property.</p><br>
<p>The Bowen, or administration, building is currently under the ownership of the "Save the Bowen Foundation," a group that sought to raise funds to renovate the exterior of the building. Richard Weiss is the Executive Director of the Save The Bowen group that wanted to help save the historical property that is part of the Peoria State Hospital Historic District. The Save the Bowen Foundation looked for investors to partner with the restoration of this building, but was unable to secure sufficient funding.</p><br>
<p>After 8 years of trying to save the Bowen, Richard Weiss has entered an agreement with the Village of Bartonville to demolish the building and salvage parts to relieve his $750,000 debt. Demolition was scheduled to start 1 March 2016 and must be completed by 1 January 2017.</p><br>
<p>Richard Weiss can be contacted through the peoria-asylum.com website.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The grounds consists of 63 buildings, many of which are residential in nature and laid out to the traditional cottage plan, common for mental hospitals built in the early 20th century. The original main building constructed was on the Kirkbride Plan.</p><br>
<h2>Ghost stories</h2><br>
<p>The hospital grounds are the subject of local ghost lore. One well documented legend tells of Manuel A. Bookbinder "Old Book", a patient who worked with the burial crew at the hospital until his own death. It is said that upon his death his physical form was seen by Dr. Zeller and over a hundred of the patients and nurses that attended his funeral crying at the old elm in the potters field. A closer inspection of the casket for which he rested showed the peaceful remains of the loved figure still resting within, thus the legend of the "Graveyard Elm" began.</p><br>
<p>In the 1920s, Zeller penned a book titled, Befriending The Bereft, drawn from the mysterious experiences he had at the hospital during his two tenures as superintendent, 1902–1913 and 1921–1935. Included, among numerous other eerie stories, were Zeller&#39;s own account of Old Book and the Graveyard Elm.</p><br>
<p>Ranthambore Fort lies within the Ranthambore National Park, near the town of Sawai Madhopur, the park being the former hunting grounds of the Maharajahs of Jaipur until the time of India&#39;s Independence. It is a formidable fort having been a focal point of the historical developments of Rajasthan. The fort is known for the glory and valor of Hammir dev of the Chauhan dynasty.</p><br>
<p>In 2013, at the 37th session of the World Heritage Committee, Ranthambore Fort, along with 5 other forts of Rajasthan, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the group Hill Forts of Rajasthan.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Ranthambore fort was built by a Chauhan ruler, although the exact name of the ruler is disputed. A widely held belief states that the fort was built the reign of Sapaldaksha, in 944 CE. Another theory states that the fort was built during the reign of Jayant, in 1110 CE. According to Government of Rajasthan&#39;s Amber Development & Management Authority, it is likely that the construction started in the mid-10th century during the reign of Sapaldaksha, and continued a few centuries after that.</p><br>
<h3>Under Chauhans</h3><br>
<p>Its earlier name was Ranastambha or Ranastambhapura. It was associated with Jainism during the reign of Prithviraja I of Chahamana (Chauhan) dynasty in the 12th century. Siddhasenasuri, who lived in the 12th century has included this place in the list of holy Jaina tirthas. In Mughal period, a temple of Mallinatha was built in the fort.</p><br>
<p>After the defeat of Prithviraja III (Prithviraj Chauhan) in 1192 CE, the fort came under the control of the Muslim Ghurid ruler Muhammad of Ghor. Prithviraja&#39;s son Govindaraja IV accepted the Ghurid suzerainty, and ruled Ranthambore as his vassal. His descendants made various attempts to become independent.</p><br>
<p>The Delhi Sultan Iltutmish captured Ranthambore in 1226, but the Chauhans recaptured it after his death in 1236. The armies of Sultan Nasir ud din Mahmud, led by the future Sultan Balban, unsuccessfully besieged the fortress in 1248 and 1253, but captured from Jaitrasingh Chauhan in 1259. Shakti Dev succeeded Jaitrasingh in 1283, and recaptured Ranthambore and enlarged the kingdom. Sultan Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji briefly besieged the fort in 1290-91. In 1299, Hammiradeva sheltered Muhammad Shah, a rebel general of Sultan Ala ud din Khalji, and refused to turn him over to the Sultan. The Sultan besieged and conquered the fort in 1301.</p><br>
<h3>Under Mewar</h3><br>
<p>The fortress was captured by the kingdom of Mewar under Rana Hamir Singh (1326–1364) and Rana Kumbha (1433–1468). After the reign of Rana Kumbha&#39;s successor Rana Udai Singh I (1468–1473) the fortress passed to the Hada Rajputs of Bundi. Sultan Bahadur Shah of Gujarat captured the fortress from 1532 to 1535. The Mughal Emperor Akbar captured the fortress in 1569.</p><br>
<p>The fortress passed to the Kachwaha Maharajas of Jaipur in the 17th century, and it remained part of Jaipur state until Indian Independence. The area surrounding the fortress became a hunting ground for the Maharajas of Jaipur. Jaipur state acceded to India in 1949, becoming part of the state of Rajasthan in 1950.</p><br>
<p>Inside Ranthambore fort there are three Hindu temples dedicated to Ganesh, Shiva and Ramlalaji constructed in 12th and 13th centuries from red Karauli stone. There is also a Jain temple of Lord Sumatinath (5th Jain Tirthankar) and Lord Sambhavanath.</p><br>
<h2>Nearby attractions</h2><br>
<p>Water Gateways</p><br>
<p>1. Kachida Valley</p><br>
<p>2. Surwal Lake</p><br>
<p>Picnic Sports</p><br>
<p>3. Malik Talao</p><br>
<p>Wild Life</p><br>
<p>4. Bakula</p><br>
<p>5. Lakarda And Anantpura</p><br>
<p>6. Rajbagh Talao</p><br>
<p>7. Ranthambhore Tiger Reserve Or National Park</p><br>
<p>Historical Places</p><br>
<p>8. Jogi Mahal</p><br>
<p>9. Padam Talao</p><br>
<p>10. Raj Bagh Ruins</p><br>
<p>11. Ranthambhore Fort</p><br>
<p>12. Ranthambhore School Of Art</p><br>
<p>13. ganesha temple</p><br>
<p>14. Jain Temple</p><br>
<p>RNP-A.JPGThe way Inside the Fort</p><br>
<p>RNP-8.JPGHistory of Ranthambore Fort written on the Wall</p><br>
<p>Ranthambore_Fort_Jain_Temple_Entrance.jpgJain temple at Ranthambore Fort</p><br>
<p>Battees Khamba (32 Pillars).jpgBattees Khamba</p><br>
<p>Annapurna Temple.jpgAnnapurna Temple</p><br>
<p>Fine rock art at Ranthambhore Fort.jpgFine rock art at Ranthambhore Fort</p><br>
<p>Old tomb,ranthambor fort.jpgOld tomb,ranthambor fort</p><br>
<p>Rani haveli.jpgRani haveli</p><br>
<p>Ranthambore Fort Jain Temple.jpgRanthambore Fort Jain Temple</p><br>
<p>RNP-4.JPGEntrance</p><br>
<p>Naulakha gate,ranthambor fort.jpgNaulakha gate,ranthambor fort</p><br>
<p>Springbank Island, within Lake Burley Griffin, is located in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia. The island was named after the rural property that was partly submerged as a result of the creation of the lake and now composes part of the island.</p><br>
<h2>Access and use</h2><br>
<p>Springbank Island is located in the West Basin of Lake Burley Griffin, adjacent to the suburb of Acton. The only means of access is across the lake by boat. The perimeter of the island is lined with trees. The island is quite bare, other than the treed picnic area and shelter (at the western end of the island). The island is not irrigated, there is no power source on the island, and overnight camping is prohibited. Barbecue facilities, tap water, picnic tables, and toilets are available. The National Capital Authority is responsible for oversight and management of the island. Springbank Island is the venue for Canberra Beach Cricket, a semi-annual beach cricket carnival.</p><br>
<h2>History of Springbank property</h2><br>
<p>Springbank included both the river flats of the Molonglo River and Black Mountain plus a sizeable portion of the area now occupied by the Australian National University (ANU). In October 1831, John MacPherson was granted 640 acre of land. The homestead of the property was on the high ground that now forms Springbank Island.</p><br>
<p>The MacPherson family lived at Springbank; John MacPherson being the first resident landholder in Canberra, and his wife Helen and their children the first European family to live in what is now the Australian Capital Territory. One of their children, John Alexander MacPherson, grew up to become, briefly, the 7th Premier of Victoria. It has been suggested that he was probably the first European boy born on the Limestone Plains.</p><br>
<p>McPherson&#39;s grant was disputed by Joshua John Moore, a neighbouring landowner. Moore wrote to Robert Hoddle, the Government Surveyor: I beg leave to inform you that I am desirous of retaining the 1,000 acre already in my possession. It is called and known by the name Canburry. It was agreed that Moore retain the ridge and the name Canburry for his land, whilst the basin be shared with MacPherson.</p><br>
<p>The Macpherson family sold the property to the Kaye family in 1844. Joseph Kaye had migrated to Australia in 1832 and in 1838 arrived in Queanbeyan, where he ran the local pub for several years. In 1844 the family moved to Springbank, taking over the existing farm and buildings. The farm extended over a roughly rectangular area now bounded by University Avenue in the north, Clunies Ross Street to the west, the old Canberra High School (now the Canberra Institute of the Arts, within the ANU Acton campus) to the east and, to the south, the Molonglo River which formed part of the boundary with Corkhills&#39; farm. The area included the old Canberra race track, the original Federal golf course (at Acton before moving to Red Hill) and a large part of the present ANU Acton campus.</p><br>
<p>The Kaye family moved in 1855 from the Springbank home to a house near the present Hotel Canberra. Apparently the family found the house unpleasant to live in because of the snakes in the swamps of the nearby Molonglo River which became a menace during times of flood.</p><br>
<p>Before it was purchased by the Sullivan family in 1888, the property served two years as a school under James Abernethy, and Mr Evans, a tutor at Duntroon, also occupied it for some time.</p><br>
<p>In 1914, Sydney Stock and Station Agents Gair, Sloane and Co. gave a detailed valuation of the freehold land comprising Springbank&#39;:</p><br>
<p>115 acre were listed as arable flats</p><br>
<p>53 acre as dark soil</p><br>
<p>570 acre wheat land and</p><br>
<p>the remaining 1,217 acre, grazing land.</p><br>
<p>The property, including 1,955 acre of freehold land, the homestead buildings, yards, cow bails, piggery, buggy-shed, woolshed, yards and three dams, eleven hundred willow trees and an orchard, was valued at ten thousand and twenty two pounds, ten shillings and no pence.</p><br>
<p>From 1913 until 1924 the farm was occupied by the Cox family. The Kaye family returned in 1924 until 1961: the family sold the farm assets once construction of Lake Burley Griffin began.</p><br>
<h3>Geography of the original property</h3><br>
<p>The 115 acre of alluvial flats had a frontage to the Molonglo River to the south, Scott&#39;s Paddock on the West, the two huts, Woolshed and Pisa on the East and Black Mountain on the North. SOIL: Is rich dark alluvial friable and fertile loam about 12 ft deep, resting on a gravel bed, providing good draining – liable to be inundated by the overflow water from the Molonglo River annually, leaving a rich deposit of alluvium, rendering it admirably suited for the growth of lucerne and corn and comparing favourably with a great deal of the Hunter River land. The roots of the lucerne penetrate down to the perennial water supply which percolates through the underlying porous bed from the River and from the Creek flowing through the centre of this area, providing natural irrigation in the dryest season – this creek has never been known to run dry.</p><br>
<p>The arable flats were valued then at 30 pounds per acre. The agents described the trees on Springbank as: Chiefly Iron-bark, White gum, Box, Peppermint, a few cherry and oak trees. Ringbarked years ago and neglected as a natural consequence, is now a dense mass of undergrowth of young trees.</p><br>
<p>The Whiteface River is a 5.9 mi river rising in the White Mountains of New Hampshire in the United States. Its waters flow by way of the Cold River, Bearcamp River, Ossipee Lake, the Ossipee River and the Saco River into the Gulf of Maine, an arm of the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<p>The Whiteface River, sharing a name with the 4,020 ft Mount Whiteface, rises on the southern slopes of the Sandwich Range in the town of Waterville Valley. The headwaters collect tributaries from the area between Mt. Whiteface and Flat Mountain, as well as from The Sleepers, some broad peaks extending north towards Mount Tripyramid. Flowing south, the river quickly enters the town of Sandwich and the Whiteface Intervale, a broad, flat valley at the base of the Sandwich Range. In the river&#39;s last mile, it leaves the Intervale and drops 200 ft to end at the Cold River, just east of the village of Whiteface.</p><br>
<p>The Wonalancet River is a 7.6-mile long  river located in the White Mountains of New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the southern Swift River, part of the Bearcamp River / Ossipee Lake / Saco River watershed leading to the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<p>The Wonalancet River rises in the heart of the Sandwich Range, in "The Bowl", a forested glacial cirque lying between Mount Whiteface to the west, Mount Passaconaway to the north, and Mount Wonalancet to the east. The river flows south, paralleled by the Dicey Mill Trail, out of the mountains into the communities of Ferncroft and Wonalancet. The river continues east into a forested valley and joins the Swift River three miles northwest of the village of Tamworth.</p><br>
<p>The Seventh Regiment Armory, also known as Park Avenue Armory, is a historic brick building that fills an entire city block on New York&#39;s Upper East Side.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The building was designed by architect Charles Clinton in the Gothic Revival style and dedicated in 1880. The builder was R. L. Darragh and bricklayers were Van Dolson & Arnott. It is one of the two remaining armories in the United States to be built and furnished with private funds. It originally served as the headquarters and administrative building for the 7th New York Militia Regiment, known as the Silk Stocking Regiment due to the disproportionate number of its members who were part of the city&#39;s social elite. The building is known for detailed interior rooms that are furnished with ornamental woodwork, marble and stained glass depictions of moderately disapproved behavior.</p><br>
<p>The main facade of the administration building faces Park Avenue between 66th & 67th Streets, with the large vaulted space for the drill hall in the center of the block. The administration building has provisions for a reception room, a library, veterans room and staff offices for ten regimental companies. Noted architects and interior designers of the American Aesthetic Movement were commissioned to furnish the rooms and company quarters. The library is known as the Silver Room or "Trophy Room" and was designed by Louis Comfort Tiffany who worked with architect Stanford White as a consultant on the project. The masterpiece of the armory building is the Veterans Room, also known as the Tiffany Room, with hand carved wood panelling and coffered ceiling in the Viking Revival style. Other significant craftsmen with work in the building include Kimbel and Cabus, Alexander Roux, Francis Davis Millet, and the Herter Brothers.</p><br>
<p>The building was used for the historic live broadcast of the radio play The Fall of the City by Archibald MacLeish in 1937, because of its acoustic properties.</p><br>
<p>The building was made a National Historic Landmark in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Current use</h2><br>
<p>The Armory is currently leased by and home to Park Avenue Armory, a nonprofit arts organization whose mission is to revitalize the landmark as an alternative arts space.</p><br>
<p>Other organizations using the space include:</p><br>
<p>The 53rd Digital Liaison Detachment of the New York Army National Guard, a unit carrying on the heritage of the 7th Regiment.</p><br>
<p>The Veterans of the 7th Regiment</p><br>
<p>The Knickerbocker Greys, an afterschool program which has been at the Armory since 1902.</p><br>
<p>The Veteran Corps of Artillery (VCA), a ceremonial unit which was organized on November 25, 1790 (Evacuation Day) by American Revolutionary War Veterans.</p><br>
<p>The Lenox Hill Neighborhood House Women&#39;s Mental Health Shelter</p><br>
<h2>Education</h2><br>
<p>Park Avenue Armory has a partnership with Williamsburg High School for Architecture and Design (WHSAD) in Williamsburg, Brooklyn. WHSAD is a 9-12 college preparatory school whose mission is to provide its students with a quality education that is geared toward future training in the preservation trades and related professions such as architecture, conservation, engineering, and city planning. WHSAD is the only school in the country with a Historic Preservation program.</p><br>
<p>The Lovell River is a 9.5 mi long river located in eastern New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of Ossipee Lake, part of the Saco River watershed leading to the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<p>The Lovell River flows out of the Ossipee Mountains, a circular mountain range lying south of the White Mountains. The river rises in the northeastern corner of Moultonborough, New Hampshire at the junction of Gulf Brook and South Brook, draining the northeast slopes of Faraway Mountain and Mount Shaw, the highest peaks in the Ossipees. The Lovell River flows east into the town of Ossipee, passing Conner Pond and leaving the mountains at New Hampshire Route 16, after which it crosses a narrow river delta and enters Ossipee Lake.</p><br>
<h2>Structure’s Design and Construction</h2><br>
<p>The structure is called the Tarragona Tower (a.k.a. Tarragona Arch or Tarragona Castle) was designed by the Florida architect Elias F. De La Haye. It was built from local coquina rock of irregular shapes (all of the rock used was quarried from the nearby Tomoka quarry which was owned by Charles Ballough.) Approximately 4,000 cubic yards of coquina rock, 1,000 bags of cement mix, 1,800 feet of imported Spanish roofing tiles and imported Spanish flooring tiles were used in the construction. Its interior artwork is attributed to noted Volusia County, Florida artist Don J. Emery. The structure’s design was inspired by an octagonal medieval tower and arches located in Tarragona, Spain. Its construction was completed in 1925 during the Florida Land Boom by prominent Volusia County builder Charles Ballough who often utilized native coquina rock in his projects. It originally had a double arch, one on each side of the tower which is 45 feet tall. The identical arches measure 40 feet high and are 150 feet in length and extend at forty-five degree angles from the central tower. The solid coquina rock walls vary in thickness from 18 inches up to 4 feet and include several narrow window openings of various sizes that are located at different levels around the structure. The 24 feet wide arches originally spanned across two streets: Tarragona Way and Volusia Avenue (now International Speedway Boulevard), and actually had motorized traffic driving underneath).</p><br>
<h2>Original Purpose</h2><br>
<p>The structure’s original purpose was to serve as a showy and atypical entrance way to the 1000-acre Daytona Highlands Mediterranean Revival residential development (originally called Coquina Highlands) which was proclaimed as “Florida’s Suburb of Hills and Lakes.” The structure was, in essence, a marketing strategy to promote property and home sales. It contains eight separate rooms. The ground floor was originally used as the developer’s sales office and featured handmade Spanish furniture, a fireplace and powder room. It also included a lecture room, storeroom and drafting room above the ground floor. The top floor, accessible by an interior staircase, provided prospective property buyers and investors a bird’s-eye view of the development and the surrounding area through a series of 24 windows. A powerful searchlight was also installed on the top floor that cast a beam of light through the 24 windows. The searchlight was illuminated every night and served as an advertisement for the development as it could be seen for miles around.</p><br>
<h2>Demolition of the Northern Arch in 1942</h2><br>
<p>During World War II the US Army was concerned that the arch over Volusia Avenue (now International Speedway Boulevard) would restrict troop and military vehicle movement. As a result, it was torn down in 1942 despite community opposition. Ironically, the US Army never used the road for its anticipated military purposes and the demolition of this portion of the Tarragona Tower structure was not necessary.</p><br>
<p>The patchwork repairs done to the north wall on the Tarragona Tower, which faces International Speedway Boulevard, after the arch was demolished are still observable. About two thirds up the north wall a triangular point is noticeable where the gable roof of the arch was once attached to the tower. From this triangular point all the way to ground level are coquina rock replacements that do not quite match with the original masonry. The doorway on the second level that led into the tower from the arch now has a wooden door with a square window that is secured with an exterior iron banister. A non-original exterior porch was constructed from coquina rock and its steps lead to an interior stairway. Iron railings were added to the porch and the entrance way to the tower’s staircase has an iron gate that is locked for obvious safety and security purposes.</p><br>
<h2>Entire Structure Moved in 1994</h2><br>
<p>The Florida State Department of Transportation announced as early as 1985 that International Speedway Boulevard would be widened to six lanes. Several ideas were considered regarding the Tarragona Tower, which was in the way of the proposed new road construction. It could be torn down, the new road could go around it, the entire structure could be disassembled and rebuilt elsewhere, or it could be physically moved. There were problems and challenges with all these options. Tearing it down met with fierce public opposition, so that option was ruled out. Going around the structure proved to be too costly as the purchase of surrounding land was too expensive. Disassembling it and rebuilding it at another location was not feasible according to the state’s engineers. Finally, it was decided to physically move the entire structure. In November 1994, the 800 ton structure was jacked up and placed on a specially constructed track and moved 75 feet south from its original location. The project cost $500,000. The move saved the Tarragona Tower from destruction, but its interior spaces remained in dire need of repair and restoration.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration Project in 2004</h2><br>
<p>After the Great Depression halted building in the Daytona Highlands development the Tarragona Tower was no longer used as the developer’s sales office. Residents used it as a community center until the 1950s. After many years of neglect (lack of maintenance and service) the Tarragona Tower’s interior spaces became contaminated with debris, mold, rat and pigeon droppings. Additionally, it was suffering from significant termite damage to the interior wooden beams, and the structure’s interior spaces had deteriorated to point that it was not functional and in hazardous condition.</p><br>
<p>BHM Architecture, Inc. coordinated the preservation of the structure by ensuring that existing problems were corrected and the interior restored. The structure’s restoration project was completed in 2004 and cost approximately $400,000. The structure also received a non-evasive preventative subterranean termite treatment to prevent any future termite damage.</p><br>
<p>Since the interior spaces of the structure are small it was not feasible to install heating and air conditioning systems or provide handicap accessible restrooms and ramps. Per the Americans with Disabilities Act, Title III (Public Accommodations) the structure is not accessible to the public because it does not meet minimum standards for accessibility for alterations and new construction of facilities.</p><br>
<h2>Listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places in 2005</h2><br>
<p>On May 6, 2005, the Tarragona Tower was entered into the USA National Register of Historic Places (VO0043). Its historic functions are listed as Recreation and Culture/Monument/Marker with an Architectural Classification being Late 19th and 20th Century Revivals/Mission/Spanish Colonial Revival. Its areas of significance are listed as Architecture, Community Planning and Development. The period of significance is 1925-1955.</p><br>
<h2>Florida Trust for Historic Preservation Award in 2006</h2><br>
<p>The Mission Statement for the Florida Trust for Historic Preservation, “…is to promote the preservation of the architectural, historical and archaeological heritage of Florida through advocacy, education and historic property stewardship.” The restoration and preservation of the Tarragona Tower received the prestigious Outstanding Restoration/Rehabilitation Award in 2006.</p><br>
<h2>Structure’s Legacy</h2><br>
<p>The Tarragona Tower structure stands today as a reminder of the overzealous developers who attempted to lure affluent buyers to the Daytona Beach area during the Florida Land Boom of the 1920s. It narrowly escaped attempts to tear it down and is now one of Florida’s largest historic subdivision monuments left standing. It is a unique structure and serves as an intriguing landmark in the NE Florida area.</p><br>
<p>The Hampton Falls River is a 5.6 mile  long river in southeastern New Hampshire in the United States. Its lower reaches are tidal, as part of the Hampton salt marsh close to the Atlantic Ocean.</p><br>
<p>The river rises in the southeast corner of Kensington, New Hampshire and travels east into Seabrook. The river approximately follows the boundary between Seabrook and Hampton Falls, crossing it three times. It passes Weares Mill and eventually heads northeast into Hampton Falls. Approaching the town center, it passes through the chain of three Dodge Ponds, dropping 10 feet over the "Hampton Falls" before entering the final one. Crossing under U.S. Route 1, the river enters the Hampton salt marsh, where it ends at the Hampton River.</p><br>
<p>The Lambs, Inc.  is a social club in New York City for actors, songwriters, and others involved in the theater. It is America&#39;s oldest theatrical organization. "The Lambs" is a registered trademark of The Lambs, Inc. and the club has been commonly referred to as The Lambs Club and The Lambs Theater since 1874.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1868 The Lambs was founded in London by actors, led by John Hare, the first Shepherd, looking to socialize with like-minded people. Several of those, most notably Henry James Montague, came to the United States and formed The Lambs of New York during Christmas week of 1874. It was incorporated in 1877 in New York City. Shortly afterward the London Lambs closed.</p><br>
<p>The club&#39;s name honors the essayist Charles Lamb and his sister Mary, who during the early 19th century played host to actors and literati at their famed salon in London.</p><br>
<p>In 1924 they celebrated their golden jubilee at the Earl Carroll Theatre.</p><br>
<p>The Lambs, the New York Friars&#39; Club and The Players in New York are often confused. In 1964 long-time syndicated columnist Earl Wilson put it this way: "Long ago a New Yorker asked the difference between the Lambs, Friars, and Players, since the membership was, at the time, predominantly from Broadway." It was left to "a wit believed to have been George S. Kaufman" to draw the distinction: "The Players are gentlemen trying to be actors, the Lambs are actors trying to be gentlemen, and the Friars are neither trying to be both."</p><br>
<h2>Presidents</h2><br>
<p>The president of The Lambs is called "The Shepherd". The Club displays the portraits of all its presidents, painted by artists such as James Montgomery Flagg and Everett Raymond Kinstler.</p><br>
<p>Henry James Montague (1874–1878)</p><br>
<p>John Lester Wallack (1878–1879, 1880–1882, 1884–1888)</p><br>
<p>Harry Beckett (actor) (1879–1880)</p><br>
<p>William Jermyn Conlin (1882–1884)</p><br>
<p>John Riker Brady (1888–1890)</p><br>
<p>Edmund Milton Holland (1890–1891)</p><br>
<p>Clay Meredith Greene (1891–1898, 1902–1906)</p><br>
<p>Thomas Benedict Clarke (1898–1900)</p><br>
<p>DeWolf Hopper (1900–1902)</p><br>
<p>Wilton Lackaye (1906–1907)</p><br>
<p>Augustus Thomas (1907–1910)</p><br>
<p>Joseph Rhode Grismer (1911–1913, 1917–1918)</p><br>
<p>William Courtleigh, Jr. (1913–1917)</p><br>
<p>Robert Hubber Thorne Burnside (1918–1921)</p><br>
<p>Albert Oldfield Brown (1921–1924, 1930–1932)</p><br>
<p>Thomas Meighan (1924–1926)</p><br>
<p>Thomas Alfred Wise (1926–1928)</p><br>
<p>Fritz Williams (1928–1930)</p><br>
<p>Frank Crumit (1932–1936)</p><br>
<p>Fred Waring (1939–1942)</p><br>
<p>John Lionel Golden (1942–1945)</p><br>
<p>Raymond Wilson Peck (1945–1947)</p><br>
<p>Bert Lytell (1947–1952)</p><br>
<p>Walter Noel Greaza (1953–1956)</p><br>
<p>William Gaxton (1936–1939, 1952–1953, 1957–1959, 1960–1961)</p><br>
<p>Frank Marion Thomas (1962–1963)</p><br>
<p>Martin Begley (1964–1965)</p><br>
<p>Harry Hershfeld (1966–1969)</p><br>
<p>Jack Waldron (actor) (1969)</p><br>
<p>Tom Dillon (actor) (1969–1986)</p><br>
<p>Richard L. Charles (1986–1997)</p><br>
<p>Agustin James Pocock (1998–2001)</p><br>
<p>Bruce Brown (2002–2008)</p><br>
<p>Randy Phillips (2008–2013)</p><br>
<p>Marc Baron (2013– )</p><br>
<h2>Clubhouses</h2><br>
<p>1874: Founded and first dinner at Delmonico&#39;s Restaurant (NE Corner of 5th Ave & 14th St.)</p><br>
<p>1875: Morton House (Manhattan) (Union Square)</p><br>
<p>1875: Union Square Hotel</p><br>
<p>1876: Wallack&#39;s Theater 848 Broadway (nicknamed "The Matchbox")</p><br>
<p>1877–78: 6 Union Square</p><br>
<p>1878: 19 East 16th Street</p><br>
<p>1880–1892: 34 West 26th St</p><br>
<p>1891: Gilsey House, 1200 Broadway</p><br>
<p>1892: 8 West 29th St</p><br>
<p>1893–1896: 26 West 31st St</p><br>
<p>1897–1905: 70 West 36th St (formerly and thereafter known as Keens Chophouse)</p><br>
<p>1905–1975: 130 West 44th Street (expanded in 1907)</p><br>
<p>1975: Guest in Lotos Club, 5 East 66th St</p><br>
<p>1976: Current: 3 West Club, 3 West 51st Street, 5th Floor</p><br>
<h2>128 West 44th Street</h2><br>
<p>The Lambs has had many Manhattan homes since 1874, beginning with Delmonicos Restaurant in Union Square. Then in 1875 they met at the Maison Doree on the south side of 14th St. opposite Union Square; 1876–77 next to Wallacks theater at 848 Broadway; 1877–78 at the Union Square Hotel, 6 Union Square; 1879 within a brownstone at 19 East 16th St. 1880–91 at a Brownstone at 34 West 26th St. 1891 at the Gilsey House, 1200 Broadway; 1892 at 8 West 29th St. 1893–96 at 26 West 31st St. 1897–1905 at 70 West 36th St., what was formerly and thereafter Keen&#39;s Chophouse remodeled by Stanford White to be a clubhouse; in 1905 at 128–130 West 44th St., in a house designed by Stanford White, then doubled in size in 1915.</p><br>
<p>Until 1974 the Club remained at the building at 128 West 44th St. The building was also designed by Stanford White, and was erected in 1904&ndash;1905; it expanded in 1915 to include 132 West 44th St. When the club relocated to its current nine-story quarters at 3 West 51st St. adjacent to Rockefeller Center, it sold its own quarters to the Church of the Nazarene which intended to use the old building as a mission in Times Square. The church leased part of the building for what would become the Off Broadway Lamb&#39;s Theatre which is not related to the Club except for the name of the building.</p><br>
<p>The building was designated a New York City Landmark in September 1974; and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 3, 1982.</p><br>
<p>In 2006 the Church of the Nazarene sold the building and theatre, which has been renovated by the Chatwal Hotel. They operate a restaurant in the hotel and named it The Lambs Club, although there is no relation between the hotel and The Lambs other than what was left of the building.</p><br>
<h2>Current activity</h2><br>
<p>The Lambs, Inc., is still active in its nine-story quarters at 3 West 51st St. adjacent to Rockefeller Center. Its members have been instrumental in the formation of ASCAP, Actors Equity and The Actors Fund of America and Screen Actors Guild (SAG). Of the first 21 Council members of Actors&#39; Equity, 20 were members of The Lambs. Historically, The Lambs has been the spawning ground of plays, friendships and partnerships. Mark Twain Tonight (with Hal Holbrook) and Stalag 17 were first performed at The Lambs prior to their national successes.</p><br>
<p>Alan J. Lerner and Frederick Loewe first met at The Lambs, often trying works-in-progress on their fellow Lambs. Loewe left a percentage of his share of Brigadoon royalties to The Lambs Foundation. Since its founding, there have been more than 6,000 Lambs including Spencer Tracy, Fred Astaire, Irving Berlin, George M. Cohan, W.C. Fields, Will Rogers, John Philip Sousa, Fred Waring and Albert Hague, and Cliff Robertson, Abe Vigoda and Ken Howard. Current members include Joyce Randolph of "The Honeymooners," Jim Dale, Matthew Broderick and Tony Award-winning conductor/arranger Donald Pippin. The Lambs website contains a listing of its past members.</p><br>
<p>Meadow Marsh, which has also been known as the Luther F. Tilden House and as the Luther W. Tilden House, is a historic home in Winter Garden, Florida, United States that is listed on the USA National Register of Historic Places . It is located at 940 Tildenville School Road. The neighborhood it is located in is known as Tildenville, an unincorporated village.</p><br>
<p>The house is a Classical Revival style house that was a work of Frederick H. Trimble. Trimble is also credited with design of NRHP-listed Fellsmere Public School in Fellsmere, Florida and the</p><br>
<p>NRHP-listed Vero Theatre in Vero Beach, Florida.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the NRHP as Luther F. Tilden House in 1996. The listing included four contributing buildings on 12 acre.</p><br>
<p>According to a historic site webpage, it was built by Luther Willis Tilden, the son of Luther Fuller Tilden.</p><br>
<p>Luther Tilden was a pioneer in citrus cultivation in Florida.</p><br>
<p>Kalaureia  or Calauria or Kalavria  is an island close to the coast of Troezen in the Peloponnesus of mainland Greece, part of the modern island-pair Poros.</p><br>
<p>Strabo describes the coastwise journey along the Hermionic Gulf:</p><br>
<h2>Pre-classical asylum</h2><br>
<p>There is strong evidence that the epithet of Poseidon at Kalaureia was Geraistos (Γεραιστός), a word from an unknown pre-Hellenic language. A 6th century A.D. dictionary by Stephanus of Byzantium gives the names of Zeus&#39;s sons as Geraistos, Tainaros, and Kalauros, who sailed from an unspecified location and landed in different places on the Peloponnesus. Geraistos, Tainaros, and Kalaureia are all sanctuaries of Poseidon; in the towns of the latter two, one of the months of the year was named Geraistios (the only other poleis (πόλεις) with this month name are Sparta, Kalymna, and Kos). It is also theorized that the epithet Geraistios (Γεραίστιος) also applies to Kalaureia because all three sanctuaries function as asylums.</p><br>
<p>Another, older aetiology of the temple says that it was bartered for by Poseidon himself, who received it from Apollo in exchange for his share of Delphi. This story is attested by Callimachus, Pausanias referencing Musaeus, and Strabo referencing the history of Ephorus. Pausanias and Strabo both quote the following oracle: "For thee it is the same thing to possess Delos or Kalaureia / most holy Pytho or windy Taenarum."</p><br>
<p>Kalaureia was mentioned by Philostephanus in a lost work On Islands.</p><br>
<p>It was to Kalaureia that Demosthenes the famous orator, condemned to death with his friends by the pro-Philip Macedonian party at Athens, fled and took sanctuary in Poseidons sanctuary; as Antipaters officers closed in, he took poison and died, 16 October 322.</p><br>
<h2>Legendary amphictyony</h2><br>
<p>It is claimed by the Hellenistic historian Strabo that in the Archaic period, an early amphictiony, one of several Hellenic leagues of pre-classical times of which little is known, was centered on Kalaureia. Archaeology of the site suggested to Thomas Kelly that the sacred league was founded in the second quarter of the seventh century BCE, ca 680-650; before that date there were virtually no remains at the site, which could not have been used more than sporadically. A peribolos (περίβολος) wall enclosing the sanctuary site was built with the temple, but there are no earlier traces of structures. The temenos or sanctuary dedicated to Poseidon, may have been linked to the sanctuaries at Geraistos and Tainaros (Ταίναρος). The island was known at one time as Eirene (Εἰρήνη) ("Peace"), clearly in reference to the amphictiony. A reference in Strabo gives a list of the poleis that belonged:</p><br>
<p>Troezen and Poros, which he considered the harbour of Troezen, Strabo omitted. However, there is no archaeological evidence to corroborate this list, and modern scholars believe that a feast in the ancient temenos celebrating the "revival" of the amphictiony, may have been based on a Hellenistic invention; the feast certainly existed: a third-century BCE plaque celebrating the "revival" of the Kalaureian League has been recovered.</p><br>
<p>After the Greco-Persian Wars, the friendly connection between Athens and Troezen appears to have continued; and during the hegemony of the Athenian empire before the Thirty Years&#39; Peace (455 BCE) Troezen was an ally of Athens, and was apparently garrisoned by Athenian troops; but by this peace the Athenians were compelled to relinquish Troezen. (19.29)</p><br>
<p>The Sanctuary was excavated by Swedish archaeologists in 1894. Continued excavations from 1997 and onwards by the Swedish Institute in Athens in collaboration with the Greek National Heritage Board.</p><br>
<p>The Trapp Homestead  is a historic home in the Coconut Grove section of the City of Miami, Florida, United States. It is located at 2521 South Bayshore Drive. On November 10, 1994, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places. The home was constructed in 1887 out of oolitic lime quarried locally by Caleb Trapp  and his son, Harlan. During construction, the Trapps lived on a thatched hut at the front of the property. The property is believed to be the oldest-standing masonry home in Miami-Dade County, Florida. The estate&#39;s construction pre-dates the incorporation of the City of Miami. The estate was particularly notable at the time because it was one of the few stone structures in Miami-Dade County , as nearly all structures in the area were built of wood at that time.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Originally, the property consisted of approximately 2.5 acre overlooking Biscayne Bay before what is now called South Bayshore Drive was built. When the road was first built, it was known as Rhodes Boulevard and was named for Mrs. Trapps family, which had previously settled in the area and received a 400 acre land grant. Subsequently, Main Street, which was later renamed Tigertail Avenue was constructed along propertys northern boundary.</p><br>
<p>The Trapp family pioneered the famed "Trapp Avocado" and sold them by boat to early Miami area hotels. They also grew and milled coontie starch sold for local use. A road in Coconut Grove located just a few blocks away is named Trapp Avenue in honor of the Trapp family. The Trapps were significant community leaders in the area and Mr. Trapp was one of the fourteen founding members of the Biscayne Bay Yacht Club. Mrs. Trapp is believed to have given the first teachers&#39; test for the local public school at the estate. She was also one of the first Public School Teachers in the area. In 1887 or 1888 a school taught by Harlan Trapp was opened in Lemon City, now a part of Miami.</p><br>
<p>In the years that followed, numerous mansions were constructed along Rhodes Boulevard/South Bayshore Drive and the street became notable in Miami for its expensive and substantial homes located on top of the Silver Bluff overlooking Biscayne Bay. The Trapp family later sold off various parts of the property where numerous homes and apartments were constructed.</p><br>
<p>In 1951, the Connelly Family of Atlanta, Georgia purchased the property and used it as a part-time residence. It started to collapse in 1978. In the 1980s and 1990s, many of the other homes located on the sold off neighboring lots were demolished and all that remained were the four decaying structures on the central portion of the property, with the main building holding up best, though poorly.</p><br>
<p>Between 1994 and 1996, the Connellys purchased the remaining parcels on each side of the central parcel and had the site officially entered into the National Register of Historic Places. Meanwhile, the property continued to decline and several buildings became uninhabitable. The estate became well known with community activists who feared that the buildings would collapse and that a developer would purchase the property for highrise development.</p><br>
<p>In 2005, the already-weakened roof of the main house suffered serious damage in Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Wilma, while other buildings on the site suffered more serious damage and it was determined that the secondary buildings could not be saved from demolition.</p><br>
<h3>Preservation</h3><br>
<p>In early 2006, the Connellys sold the property to Lisa and Victor Mendelson, longtime Miami and Coconut Grove residents, who worked with a historic preservationist architect, Richard Heisenbottle, FAIA to develop a plan to restore the main house and add an appropriate addition to it for their familys private use. Minor zoning variances were needed to accommodate the height of the crows nest. The plans were approved by the City of Miami&#39;s Historic and Environmental Preservation Board in the Fall of 2006. Construction commenced in April 2010 and is expected to be complete in 12 months.</p><br>
<p>The Stockton-Lindquist House  is the oldest historic home in the small town of DeLand, Florida and one of the oldest Historic Sites in Volusia County, FL. SLH was built in 1870. It is located at 244 East Beresford Avenue. SLH has been designated four times, each time highlighting its important aspects and contributions to Volusia County, FL. On June 22, 2004, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places. SLH has also being designated a Florida Archaeological Site under the project name Andrew and Mary Lindquist Aboriginal site. It was recognized by the Florida Bureau of Folklife and has been recently designated on the Volusia County Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>On July 4, 2008 the Stockton-Lindquist House became the home of the Stockton-Lindquist House Foundation for Historic Preservation, Inc, a 501 (C)(4). The foundation is organized exclusively for civics, social welfare, religious, charitable, educational, and scientific purposes, including, for such purposes as the restoration and preservation in perpetuity of historic buildings and properties. Also to increase the sum of historic knowledge for the benefit of all mankind.</p><br>
<p>The Kilkoff House is a historic house located at 1145 West New York Avenue in DeLand, Florida. It is locally significant as one of DeLand&#39;s earliest buildings, and also as a good example of vernacular construction that historically underwent modification to suit the needs and tastes of its owners.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Constructed in 1878, and altered up until 1920, the residence is a two-story frame, vernacular building with Classical Revival elements, and a "T" footprint. Built on a foundation of brick piers, the exterior is of horizontal siding, and the cross gable roof is surfaced with asphalt shingles and pierced by one brick chimney. The property contains two non-contributing resources: a swimming pool and a garage.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on October 8, 1997.</p><br>
<p>The Grant Van Valkenburg House  is a historic home in West Palm Beach, Florida, United States. It is located at 213 Rosemary Avenue. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>It was deemed significant as "a fine example of a Craftsman bungalow with Victorian detailing. The one and a half story, wood frame dwelling sits on a raised concrete foundation and has a gabled roof with multi-planes and two gabled dormers, all with wide, overhanging eaves. The house is clad in three wood variations and has many decorative exterior features, including Victorian scroll-sawn woodwork. The interior of the Van Valkenburg House features many elements characteristic of Craftsman-style bungalows, including built-in furniture, leaded glass cabinet doors, wide baseboards, picture rails, coved ceilings, round arch openings, and carved woodwork. The house remains largely intact since its construction in 1918 and retains a high degree of architectural integrity. The house is architecturally significant as one of the last remaining Craftsman bungalows with Victorian detailing within the City of West Palm Beach."</p><br>
<p>The house was moved from 316 Hibiscus Street to its current location in 1996.</p><br>
<p>The Bingham-Blossom House, also known as Figulus, was a historic home and landscaped estate in Palm Beach, Palm Beach County, southeastern Florida. It was located at 1250 South Ocean Boulevard. It was damaged by fire and demolished in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The residence was completed in 1893 in the Shingle Style, for Charles William Bingham and wife, Mary Payne Bingham, of Cleveland, Ohio. It was the first privately owned residence on the ocean in Palm Beach. The original 17 acres of grounds contained many tropical trees brought from around the world by Dr. David Grandison Fairchild, noted botanist and friend of the Bingham family. It was designed by local artisan and builder George Lainhart, with deep recessed porches, wide overhangs, and cross ventilation that provided the necessary comfort, without air conditioning.</p><br>
<p>On December 5, 1972, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places. It was also documented by the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) in 1972.</p><br>
<p>Subsequently the residence was seriously damaged by fire and was demolished in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Casa Apava</h2><br>
<p>The Bingham&#39;s gave their daughter Frances Payne Bingham Bolton and her husband Chester C. Bolton an estate named Casa Apava, that was built just south of Figulus in 1919. The large laterally rambling Mediterranean Revival style complex was designed by architect Abram Garfield, the son of President Garfield. The residence remains in near original condition, and was sold for $71.2 million in 2015.</p><br>
<p>The Lavender House  is a historic home in Boca Raton, Florida, United States. It is located at 875 Alamanda Street. On February 24, 1995, it was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>Modern real estate agents in Boca Raton tend to mistakenly describe von Holst&#39;s residential work there as by the colorful, quixotic Addison Mizner. While Mizner did serve as the general contractor and developer of "Floresta" in its initial stage, the architectural plans for these homes were by von Holst, who was a distinguished Chicago Prairie School architect who relocated to Florida for this purpose. Soon after the neighborhood was begun, Mizner defaulted on payments to contractors and was successfully sued by von Holst, et al., and thereafter von Holst took chief responsibility for nurturing Floresta to success.</p><br>
<p>Lucy von Holst, along with the wives of their two remaining partners (John Verhoeven and Fred Aiken), prepared unsold homes for stylish winter rentals for snowbirds. The true story of old Floresta has been carefully documented by Dr. Donald W. Curl in the journal of the Boca Raton Historical Society.</p><br>
<p>The Illinois National Guard Armory in Rockford, Illinois, is located at 605 Main St. and served as the headquarters for Illinois National Guard units of various designations for nearly 60 years. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2000.</p><br>
<p>The armory has also been used for concerts.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The road to the construction of the Illinois National Guard Armory in Rockford began in 1934 with the selection of a site and architects for the project. With Bradley & Bradley signed on as architects and Sjostrom & Sons contracted for construction the project began in 1936. The firm of Benson Stone created unique stonework for the building&#39;s facade. The building was dedicated in 1937. Throughout WWII and on into the Cold War the Illinois National Guard occupied the facility. By 1941 the armory had seen its one millionth visitor.</p><br>
<p>In 1987 the State of Illinois designated the armory for repairs and allocated $490,000 for a new roof, wall repairs, window and door repairs, and other pertinent repair work. Those repairs happened in 1989 and the armory was up to code for the 404th Chemical Brigade to occupy the facility in 1990. The 404th was activated on June 23, 1990 as the only Chemical Brigade in the Army National Guard force structure. The 404th stayed at the armory until March 1, 1993 when the National Guard abandoned the Rockford armory and moved into the new Machesney Park Armory. With the National Guard gone the art deco building stood empty and open to new owners. Right after the Guard moved out Illinois Governor Jim Edgar blocked the sale of the armory to a Chicago investor, Ken Goldberg. Goldberg had offered $61,000 for the property but Edgar cited building code violations on Goldberg&#39;s other properties as rationale for blocking the deal.</p><br>
<p>The period from 1994-1999 saw the armory occupied by an educational facility and was a time period that was rife with controversy surrounding the transfer of and condition of the property. It was in 1994/1995 that Amcore Bank provided the OIC Vocational Institute with $300,000 in loans against its Accounts Receivable. The Institute expected federal grants for its status as an educational/job training facility as well as being a non-profit organization. However, according to the Illinois State Board of Education OIC was never accredited, despite this, at the time, the National Guard leased the armory to the OIC Institute. A year later, in 1996, Illinois State Senator Dave Syverson paved the way for OIC to purchase the armory property for $1, a dollar the National Guard claims it was never paid. In a Quit Claim Deed OIC agreed to use the armory for 20 years as an educational and job training facility or ownership will revert to the state.</p><br>
<p>The Institute would occupy the armory for less than two years. By 1997 OIC was teetering and the state was facing the prospect of having an empty Guard armory on its hands. Syverson and Illinois Representative Doug Scott, of Rockford, sponsor an amendment to remove the revert clause and ensure that the armory would stay out of state ownership. The amendment successfully became law and Amcore Bank placed a lien on the property. A year later the armory was put up as collateral as the loans were consolidated and renewed. Controversy surrounded the armory in 1999 as OIC Administrator Carl Towns claimed the National Guard had left the armory in disrepair, a claim National Guard Col. Joe Vecchio (Retired) refuted as false. The same year Towns complained about the armory&#39;s condition OIC went bankrupt and left the facility in the hands of Amcore Bank. The bank foreclosed on the property and began a search for a new owner.</p><br>
<p>As Amcore searched for a new owner, in 2000, local historic preservation activist Sylvia Doyle-Pagel sought landmark status for the armory. The banks legal team was against this move and recommended to the Rockford City Council that the status be denied. The council went ahead with the designation anyway, despite the opposition of one of the city aldermen. Doyle-Pagel successfully petitioned for the armorys inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places and the status was granted on August 10, 2000.</p><br>
<p>In 2003 Mirador LLC took over ownership of the 1930s building and the armory stayed vacant. Finally in 2006 the building was donated to the City of Rockford by Jocelyn Blair-Stoller of Mirador LLC.</p><br>
